Deducing Orders Order of reaction For the general reaction A + B →?C + D The?order of reaction?shows how the concentration of a reactant affects the rate of reaction Rate =?k?[A]m?[B]n When ...
Reaction Feasibility The Gibbs equation can be used to calculate whether a reaction is?feasible?or not ΔG??= ΔHreaction??- TΔSsystem? When ΔG??is?negative, the reaction is?feasible?and likel...
Gibbs Free Energy Gibbs free energy As we have seen in the previous sections, the feasibility of a reaction is determined by two factors, the?enthalpy change?and the?entropy change The two f...
Entropy You may have wondered why it is that?endothermic?reactions occur at all, after all, what can be the driving force behind endothermic reactions if the products end up in a less stable...
Solution & Hydration Enthalpy of solution The?standard enthalpy change of solution (ΔHsol?)?is the enthalpy change when?1 mole?of an ionic substance?dissolves?in sufficient water to form...
Comparing Lattice Enthalpies How accurate are lattice enthalpies? It is possible to calculate a theoretical value for the lattice enthalpy of an ionic solid. To do this you need to know the?...
Calculations Using Born-Haber Cycles Once a Born-Haber cycle has been constructed, it is possible to calculate the lattice energy (ΔHlatt?) by applying Hess’s law and rearranging: ΔHf??= ΔHa...
Constructing Born-Haber Cycles A?Born-Haber cycle?is a specific application of?Hess's Law?for ionic compounds and enable us to calculate lattice enthalpy which cannot be found by experiment ...
Testing for Organic Functional Groups REQUIRED PRACTICAL 6 For this practical, you need to be able to give the tests and positive results for the following functional groups: Alkenes Alcohol...
