AQA A Level Chemistry復習筆記7.5.2 Basic Properties
Basic Properties The nitrogen atom in ammonia and amine molecules can?accept?a?proton?(H+?ion) They can therefore act as?bases?in aqueous solutions by?donating?its lone pair of electrons to ...
AQA A Level Chemistry復習筆記7.4.3 Friedel–Crafts Acylation
Friedel–Crafts Acylation Arenes are very stable compounds due to the?delocalisation of π electrons?in the ring This is because the negative charge is spread out over the molecule instead of ...
AQA A Level Chemistry復習筆記7.4.2 Nitration of Benzene
Nitration The?electrophilic substitution?reaction in arenes consists of?three steps: Generation of an?electrophile Electrophilic attack Regenerating?aromaticity Mechanism of electroph...
AQA A Level Chemistry復習筆記7.3.6 Manufacture of Aspirin
Manufacture of Aspirin Manufacture of Aspirin Acylation reactions have many uses, such as in the pharmaceutical and textile industries for making drugs, e.g. aspirin, and textiles, e.g. cell...
AQA A Level Chemistry復習筆記7.3.5 Acylation
Acyl Groups Acyl groups Acyl groups can be built into many molecules using acyl chlorides or acid anhydrides (known as acylating agents) Acyl chlorides are?derivatives of carboxylic acids?by...
AQA A Level Chemistry復習筆記7.3.4 Ester Hydrolysis
Ester Hydrolysis Hydrolysis of Esters - Acid The reverse of the esterification reaction is called?hydrolysis Ester hydrolysis is a useful reaction for creating biodegradable plastics Esters ...
AQA A Level Chemistry復習筆記7.3.3 Biodiesel
Biodiesel Biodiesel Biodiesel is made from renewable vegetable oils rather than non sustainable petrochemicals Natural triglyceride oils are converted to esters of methanol, which makes them...
AQA A Level Chemistry復習筆記7.3.2 Esters
Esters Esters Esters?are?a carboxylic acid derivative?which contains the?ester group, -COO- An ester is named after the parent carboxylic acid from which it is derived Remove the -oic acid suffix f...
AQA A Level Chemistry復習筆記7.2.3 Nucleophilic Addition
Nucleophilic Addition Many of the reactions which carbonyl compounds undergo are nucleophilic addition reactions The carbonyl group -C=O, in aldehydes and ketones is polarised The oxygen ato...
