Test for Unsaturation Halogens can be used to test if a molecule is?unsaturated?(i.e. contains a double bond) Br2(aq) is an orange or yellow solution, called?bromine water?and this is the ha...
Alkenes: Reactions Alkenes are very useful compounds as they can undergo many types of reactions They can therefore be used as starting molecules when making new compounds Electrophilic addi...
Isomerism in Alkenes Unsaturated compounds In unsaturated compounds, the groups attached to the C=C carbons remain fixed in their position This is because free rotation of the bonds about th...
Uses Fluorohalogenoalkanes The most common?halogenoalkanes?are?chlorofluorocarbons?(CFCs) These compounds contain carbon atoms with chlorine and fluorine atoms attached to them E.g. CCl3F an...
The Key Reactions of the Halogenoalkanes Types of Reactions that halogenoalkanes undergo: Halogenoalkanes?are much more reactive than alkanes due to the presence of the?electronegative?halog...
Free Radical Substitution ?Free-radical substitution of alkanes Alkanes can undergo?free-radical substitution?in which a hydrogen atom gets?substituted?by a halogen (chlorine/bromine) Since ...
Combustion Alkanes are?combusted?(burnt) on a large scale for their use as fuels Complete combustion When alkanes are burnt in?excess?(plenty of) oxygen,?complete combustion?will take place ...
Cracking Alkanes?are hydrocarbons that can be produced by the?addition?reaction?of hydrogen to an alkene or by?cracking?of longer alkane chains Crude oil Crude oil is a?mixture?of hydrocarbo...
Stereoisomerism: Geometrical Isomerism Stereoisomers?are compounds that have the same atoms connected to each other, however the atoms are differently arranged in space There are two types o...
