The Principle of Superposition The principle of superposition states that?when two or more waves with the same frequency travelling in opposite directions overlap, the resultant displacement is the...
Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry 復(fù)習(xí)筆記 4.7.1 Esters The Esters Making Esters Alcohols and carboxylic acids react to make esters in?esterification?reactions Esters are compounds with the functional...
Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry 復(fù)習(xí)筆記 4.6.2 Reactions of Carboxylic Acids Reactions of Carboxylic Acids The carboxylic acids behave like other acids They react with?metals?to form a salt and hydr...
Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry 復(fù)習(xí)筆記 4.6.1 Carboxylic Acids The Carboxylic Acids Carboxylic acids?is the name given to compounds containing the functional group?carboxyl, -COOH The general formu...
Polarisation Transverse waves are waves with their displacement perpendicular to their direction of travel. These oscillations can happen in?any plane?perpendicular to the propagation direction Tra...
Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry 復(fù)習(xí)筆記 4.5.3 Manufacture of Ethanol Industrial Synthesis of Ethanol Ethanol can be synthesised by the?hydration?of ethene Ethene is a by-product of the?cracking?of ...
Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry 復(fù)習(xí)筆記 4.5.2 Oxidation of Ethanol Oxidation of Ethanol Ethanol can undergo oxidation in three different ways: Combustion Aerobic oxidation Treatment with an?oxidisi...
Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry 復(fù)習(xí)筆記 4.5.1 Alcohols The Alcohols Alcohols are colourless liquids that dissolve in water to form?neutral?solutions The first four alcohols are commonly used as?fue...
Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry 復(fù)習(xí)筆記 4.4.2 Bromine & Alkenes Bromine & Alkenes Alkenes are a homologous series of hydrocarbon compounds with at least one?double bond?between two of the c...
Properties of Electromagnetic Waves Visible light is just one part of a much bigger spectrum: The Electromagnetic Spectrum All electromagnetic waves have the following properties in common: They ar...
Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry 復(fù)習(xí)筆記 4.4.1 Alkenes The Alkenes All alkenes contain a?double carbon bond, which is shown as two lines between two of the carbon atoms i.e. C=C All alkenes contain ...
Doppler Shift of Sound The whistle of a train or the siren of an ambulance appears to decrease in frequency (sounds lower in pitch) as it moves further away from you This frequency change due to th...
