Rate: pH All enzymes have an?optimum pH?or a pH at which they operate best Enzymes are?denatured?at extremes of pH Hydrogen?and ionic bonds?hold the tertiary structure of the protein (ie. th...
Rate: Temperature Enzymes have a?specific optimum temperature?– the temperature at which they catalyse a reaction at the?maximum rate Lower temperatures?either?prevent?reactions from proceed...
Edexcel IGCSE Maths 復(fù)習(xí)筆記 2.2.2 Simple Factorisation What is simple factorisation? Simple Factorisation is the opposite of Expanding One Bracket Beware of minus signs Remember the basic rules: “...
Maths Skill: Using a Tangent to Find Initial Rate of Reaction For linear graphs (i.e. graphs with a straight-line), the gradient is the same throughout This makes it easy to calculate the ra...
Maths Skill: Drawing a Graph for Enzyme Rate Experiments Enzyme rate experiments?are experiments that are carried out to determine the?effect?of?changing?a particular?factor?on the?rate of a...
What is expanding one bracket? When we expand brackets in algebra we ‘get rid of’ the brackets by multiplying out Expanding one bracket is done by multiplying everything inside the bracket by the f...
Required Practical: Measuring Enzyme Activity The?progress?of?enzyme-catalysed reactions?can be investigated by: Measuring the?rate of formation of a product?using catalase Measuring the?rat...
How Enzymes Work The lock-and-key hypothesis Enzymes are?globular proteins This means their?shape?(as well as the shape of the?active site?of an enzyme) is determined by the complex tertiary...
Mode of Enzyme Action Enzymes have an?active site?where?specific substrates bind?forming an?enzyme-substrate complex The?active site?of an enzyme has a?specific shape?to fit a specific subst...
The Molecular Structure of Collagen Collagen?is the most common?structural?protein found in vertebrates In vertebrates it is the component of?connective tissue?which forms: Tendons Cartilage...
The Molecular Structure of Haemoglobin Structure Haemoglobin is a?globular?protein which is an oxygen-carrying pigment found in vast quantities in red blood cells It has a?quaternary?structu...
Proteins: Globular & Fibrous Globular Globular proteins?are?compact, roughly?spherical?(circular) in shape and?soluble?in water Globular proteins form a spherical shape when folding into...
