Orders of Reaction The?order?of a reactant shows how the concentration of a chemical, typically a reactant, affects the rate of reaction It is the power to which the concentration of that re...
Rates of Reaction - Introduction The?rate of reaction?refers to the change in the amount or concentration of a reactant?or?product per unit time The units for rate of reaction are mol dm-3?s...
Feasible Reactions Graphing the Gibbs Equation The Gibbs equation can be expressed as the equation for a straight line ΔG??= ΔH??- TΔS? ΔG??=?-?ΔS?T??+ ΔH? y = mx + c A graph of free energy ...
Feasibility of Reactions Gibbs free energy The feasibility of a reaction is determined by two factors The?enthalpy?and?entropy change The two factors come together in a fundamental thermodyn...
Total Entropy Calculations If we take the reaction between sodium and chorine, we know that this is a very exothermic reaction and also involves a decrease in entropy as a solid is produced ...
作為AP科學(xué)類中的頂梁柱，AP物理可謂是撐起了科學(xué)類的半邊天。但是新手小白在剛開始面對(duì)4門AP物理時(shí)總是傻傻分不清楚：這幾門到底要學(xué)什么內(nèi)容，彼此之間又有哪些異同？在選擇的時(shí)候應(yīng)該如何做好取舍呢？ AP物理...
Introducing Entropy You may have wondered why it is that?endothermic?reactions occur at all, after all, what can be the driving force behind endothermic reactions if the products end up in a...
Solution & Hydration Definitions Enthalpy of solution The?standard enthalpy change of solution (ΔHsol?)?is the enthalpy change when?1 mole?of an ionic substance?dissolves?in sufficient w...
Polarisation of Ions Theoretical lattice energies assume a perfect ionic model where the ions are 100% spherical and the attractions are purely electrostatic So overall, there has a been a c...
Born-Haber Cycles A?Born-Haber cycle?is a specific application of Hess’ Law for ionic compounds and enable us to calculate lattice enthalpy which cannot be found by experiment The basic prin...
Lattice Energy Lattice energy As with bond enthalpy,?lattice energy?(ΔHlatt?) can be expressed as a formation or dissociation process As a formation process, it is the enthalpy change when?1...
Weak Acid - Strong Base Titration In this example, strong sodium hydroxide, NaOH (aq), is being added to weak ethanoic acid, CH3COOH (aq) NaOH (aq) + CH3COOH (aq) →?CH3COONa (aq) + H2O (l) T...
