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CIE A Level Biology復習筆記7.1.1 Plant Transverse Sections

Category: A-level課程, 教材筆記, 福利干貨 Date: 2022年8月10日下午3:07

Dicotyledonous (dicots) plants have:
- Seeds that contain two cotyledons (seed leaves)
- Network of veins
- Leaves that typically have broad blades (leaf surface) and petioles (stalks)
- Tap root with lateral branches
Herbaceous dicots have a relatively short life cycle (one growing season) and non-woody tissue

Plants need transport systems to meet their?metabolic demands?(glucose, hormones, mineral ions are required for various processes within plants), to?efficiently move substances?up and down and to compensate for their?relatively small SA:V ratio?(generally plants cannot rely on diffusion alone)
Plants have a?vascular system?which involves a network of vessels (vascular tissue) running through the?leaves,?stem?and?roots. These three parts are the main?organs?involved in transport
The?vascular system?is comprised of two distinct types:
- Xylem?(transports water and mineral ions from the roots to the rest of the plant)
- Phloem?(transports substances from the source (eg. leaf) to the sink (eg.root))
The xylem and phloem are arranged together in?vascular bundles
The bundles are laid out differently in the leaves, stem and roots

Transverse-sections_Stems-roots-and-leaves-leaf

Tissue plan diagrams of a dicotyledonous leaf, stem and root

Transverse-Sections_-worked-example-1

Step 1: Calculate the 1 eyepiece graticule unit

1 eyepiece graticule unit = 0.1 divided by 40 = 0.0025 mm

Step 2: Convert the answer to measurement with the unit most suitable for use in light microscopy

0.0025 multiplied by 1000 = 2.5 μm

Transverse-Sections-worked-example-2

Step 1: Calculate the number of divisions between X and Y

There are 80 divisions between X and Y

Step 2: Calculate the value of each division

As each division is equal to 2.5 μm

Step 3: Calculate the actual width

80 x 2.5 = 200 μm

When?drawing tissue plan diagrams?(which is common in the practical paper 3) you need to:

Read the instructions carefully
Draw a large diagram
Use a sharp pencil and do not shade (including the nucleus)
Use clear, continuous lines
When using an eye-piece graticule, use it to ensure you have correct proportions or if you are not using a microscope then endeavour to keep the proportions between tissues to scale

If drawing from a low-power image:
- Do not draw individual cells
- Read the question carefully as you may only have to draw a portion of the image
- Include the magnification on the drawing

If drawing from a high-power image:
- Draw only a few of the required cells
- Draw the cell wall of the plant cells
- Include the magnification on the drawing

When labelling, remember:
- Use a ruler for label lines (and scale line if appropriate)
- Label-lines should stop exactly at the structure (do not use arrows)
- Don't cross label-lines over each other
- Label all tissues and relevant structures (those requested)

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