2023 (Greece)IPO國際哲學奧林匹克競賽主題
Topic 1
We ought not to be ashamed of appreciating the truth and of acquiring it wherever it comes from, even if it comes from peoples distant and nations different from us. For the seeker of truth nothing takes precedence over the truth, and there is no disparagement of the truth, nor belittling either of him who speaks it or of him who conveys it. The status of no one is diminished by the truth; rather does the truth ennoble all.
Abū Yūsuf Ya‘qūb ibn Ishāq al-Kindī, On First Philosophy (ca. 833-842 AD) in Al-Kindi’s Metaphysics, ed. A. L. Ivry [slightly modified].
Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 1974, p. 58.
Topic 1
When you pronounce any action or character to be vicious, you mean nothing, but that from the constitution of your nature you have a feeling or sentiment of blame from the contemplation of it. Vice and virtue, therefore, may be compared to sounds, colours, heat and cold, which, according to modern philosophy, are not qualities in objects, but perceptions in the mind.
David Hume, A Treatise of Human Nature (1739-1740).
Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1975, p. 469.
Topic 1
This body, which at the same time exposes me to my environment and allows me to grasp it, is more myself than it is mine: it betrays me as much as it reveals me. It is only insofar as I am a body endowed with the privilege of feeling and capable of “absolute mediation” that my having is transformed into power, my knowing into being. And conversely, it is through my body that the attention to myself becomes intention directed at the universe.
Rachel Bespaloff, ? Notes sur Gabriel Marcel ? (1938), in Id., Cheminements et carrefours, préf. de M. Jutrin. Paris : Vrin, 2004, pp. 87-88. Original translation.
Topic 1
Having accepted the principle of equality as a sound moral basis for relations with others of our own species, we are also committed to accepting it as a sound moral basis for relations with those outside our own species, the non-human animals.
Peter Singer, Practical Ethics (1979). Cambridge: CUP, 19932, p. 55.
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