Calculating Normal Probabilities How do I find probabilities using a normal distribution? How do I calculate P(X?=?x): the probability of a single value for a normal distribution?? The probability ...
Alpha, Beta & Gamma Radiation Alpha Particles Alpha (α) particles?are high energy particles made up of?2 protons and 2 neutrons?(the same as a helium nucleus) They are usually emitted fr...
Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry 復習筆記 1.7.2 Covalent Bonds: Dot & Cross Diagrams Covalent Bonds: Dot & Cross Diagrams Covalent substances tend to have small molecular structures, such as ...
Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry 復習筆記 1.7.1 Formation of Covalent Bonds Formation of Covalent Bonds Non-metal atoms can share electrons with other non-metal atoms to obtain a?full?outer?shell?of ...
Changing Models of the Nucleus John Dalton’s Model (1803) Dalton imagined that all matter was made of tiny solid particles called atoms Dalton’s model proposed: Atoms are the smallest consti...
Rutherford Scattering Evidence for the structure of the atom was discovered by Ernest Rutherford in the beginning of the 20th century from the study of?α-particle scattering The experimental...
Inefficiencies in a Transformer Inefficiencies in a transformer appear not from just the core, but also in the wires The coils of wire have resistance This causes heat energy to be lost from...
Transformer Efficiency In reality, transformers are not 100% energy efficient This means their power output is less than the power input For an ideal (100% efficient) transformer, the...
The Transformer Equation A transformer is A device that changes high alternating voltage at low current to low alternating voltage at high current, and vice versa This is designed to reduce ...
