擁有強(qiáng)勢理工科的寶藏文理學(xué)院盤點(diǎn)！
美國高等教育系統(tǒng)主要包括三類學(xué)校：綜合性大學(xué)(University)、文理學(xué)院(Liberal Arts College)、社區(qū)學(xué)院(Community College)。近些年，隨著不斷地科普，越來越多的留學(xué)家庭，開始將“小而精”的文理學(xué)院納入選校清...
CIE A Level Chemistry復(fù)習(xí)筆記1.5.5 Hess’s Law
Hess Cycles Hess’s Law?states that:"The total enthalpy change in a chemical reaction is independent of the route by which the chemical reaction takes place as long as the initial and final conditio...
CIE A Level Chemistry復(fù)習(xí)筆記1.5.4 Enthalpy & Bond Energies
Enthalpy & Bond Energies During a reaction, enthalpy changes take place because bonds are being broken and formed Energy (in the form of heat) is needed to overcome attractive forces between at...
CIE A Level Chemistry復(fù)習(xí)筆記1.5.3 Standard Enthalpy Change
Enthalpy Changes at Standard Conditions To fairly compare the changes in enthalpy between reactions, all reactions should be carried out under standard conditions These standard conditions are: A?p...
CIE A Level Chemistry復(fù)習(xí)筆記1.5.2 Energy Level Diagrams
Energy Level Diagrams An energy level diagram is a diagram that shows the energies of the reactants, the transition state(s) and the products of the reaction with time The?transition state?is a sta...
CIE A Level Chemistry復(fù)習(xí)筆記1.5.1 Enthalpy Change, ΔH
Enthalpy Changes The total chemical energy inside a substance is called the enthalpy (or heat content) When chemical reactions take place, changes in chemical energy take place and therefore the en...
CIE A Level Chemistry復(fù)習(xí)筆記1.4.4 Bonding & Structure
Effects of Bonding & Structure on Physical Properties Different types of?structure?and?bonding?have different effects on the?physical properties?of substances such as their?melting?and?boiling ...
CIE A Level Chemistry復(fù)習(xí)筆記1.4.3 Lattice Structures
Lattice Structures Most ionic, metallic and covalent compounds are?crystalline lattice The ions, atoms or molecules are arranged in a?regular and repeating arrangement Giant ionic lattices An?ionic...
CIE A Level Chemistry復(fù)習(xí)筆記1.4.2 Ideal Gas Law & Equation
Gases: Ideal Gas Law & Equation Kinetic theory of gases The kinetic theory of gases?states that molecules in gases are constantly moving The theory makes the following assumptions: The gas mole...
