Edexcel IGCSE Biology 復習筆記 2.7.6 Smoking & the Human Gas Exchange System Smoking & the Gas Exchange System Smoking causes?chronic obstructive lung disease?(COPD), coronary heart ...
Epigenetics & Disease Inheritance of epigenetic modifications Epigenetic imprinting?is the?DNA methylation?of certain genes and it occurs during the formation of oocytes and sperm cells ...
Epigenetics DNA is wrapped around histone proteins which form a nucleosome. Nucleosomes coil tightly around each other to form the chromosome structure. In eukaryotic cells, th...
Interpret & Evaluate Data about Genetic Expression RNA analysis RNA analysis is important with regards to gene expression From the outside, most cells look almost identical with the same...
Transcription Factors Eukaryotes use?transcription factors?to control gene expression A transcription factor is a protein that?controls the transcription of genes?by binding to a specific re...
Apparatus & Techniques: Producing Tissue Cultures from Cauliflower Explants Creating clones of cauliflowers is used to demonstrate totipotency through the production of?tissue culture Ca...
Evaluating the Use of Stem Cells Use of embryonic stem cells Due to their ability to differentiate into multiple cell types, stem cells have huge potential in the therapeutic treatment of di...
Pluripotent & Unipotent Cells Pluripotent embryonic stem cells Pluripotent stem cells are embryonic stem cells that can differentiate into?any cell type found in an embryo?but are?not ab...
The Effect of Genetic Mutations Mutations occur?spontaneously?and?randomly?during DNA replication As the DNA base sequence determines the sequence of amino acids that make up a protein,?muta...
