Energy Level Diagrams An energy level diagram is a diagram that shows the energies of the reactants, the transition state(s) and the products of the reaction with time The?transition state?is a sta...
Enthalpy Changes The total chemical energy inside a substance is called the enthalpy (or heat content) When chemical reactions take place, changes in chemical energy take place and therefore the en...
Effects of Bonding & Structure on Physical Properties Different types of?structure?and?bonding?have different effects on the?physical properties?of substances such as their?melting?and?boiling ...
Lattice Structures Most ionic, metallic and covalent compounds are?crystalline lattice The ions, atoms or molecules are arranged in a?regular and repeating arrangement Giant ionic lattices An?ionic...
Gases: Ideal Gas Law & Equation Kinetic theory of gases The kinetic theory of gases?states that molecules in gases are constantly moving The theory makes the following assumptions: The gas mole...
Gases: Gas Pressure Gases?in a container exert a?pressure?as the gas molecule are constantly?colliding?with the wall of the container Gas particles exert a pressure by constantly colliding with the...
Dot & Cross Diagrams Dot and cross diagrams?are diagrams that show the arrangement of the outer-shell electrons in an?ionic?or?covalent?compound or element The electrons are shown as dots and c...
Comparing Bonds to Intermolecular Forces Intramolecular forces Intramolecular forces?are forces?within?a molecule Ionic bonding?is the?electrostatic attraction?between?positive?(cations) and?negati...
van der Waals' Forces & Dipoles Covalent bonds are strong?intramolecular forces Molecules also contain weaker?intermolecular forces?which are forces?between?molecules These intermolecular force...
