Evidence for the Causes of Climate Change Scientists have long?hypothesised?that Climate change in the form of?global warming is currently taking place Human activities?that increase the concentrat...
Introduction to Climate Change The term?climate?refers to the?weather conditions?in a region over a?long period of time?i.e. several decades When the weather conditions in a region change significa...
AMC全稱American Mathematics Competitions，原名“美國數學學術活動”，根據教育部要求，現改名為“美國數學思維挑戰活動”。由美國數學協會MAA（Mathematics Association of America）于1950年成立，試題由哈佛、麻...
Practical: The Hill Reaction The?light-dependent reactions?of photosynthesis take place in the thylakoid membrane and involve the?release of high-energy electrons?from chlorophyll?molecules in phot...
AMC全稱American Mathematical Competition即美國數學學術活動，等級劃分為AMC8、AMC10、AMC12、AIME、USA(J)MO等，全球每年參加比賽的學生高達60萬人次。學術活動針對不同年齡段的學生分為三類： AMC 8（針對8年...
Products of Photosynthesis Intermediate molecules of the Calvin cycle such as?glycerate 3-phosphate (GP)?and?glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GALP)?are used to produce?other biological molecules?needed ...
Light-independent Reactions The?light-independent?reactions?of photosynthesis are sometimes referred to as the?Calvin cycle The reactions produce complex organic molecules?such as Starch?for storag...
Light-dependent Reactions Photosynthesis takes place in two distinct stages The?light-dependent reactions, which rely on light directly The?light-independent reactions, which do not use light direc...
Chloroplasts: Structure & Function Chloroplasts are the organelles in plant cells where?photosynthesis?occurs Each chloroplast is surrounded by a?double-membrane?known as the?chloroplast envelo...
ATP as a Supply of Energy All organisms require a?constant supply of energy?to maintain their cells and stay alive This energy is required e.g. For building new molecules from the products of diges...
Photosynthesis: An Overview Photosynthesis?is a series of chemical reactions that occurs in?producers?such as plants and algae Photosynthesis converts?light energy?into?chemical energy?which is the...
Calculating the Efficiency of Biomass & Energy Transfers Transfer of energy through a food chain During?photosynthesis?organisms such as plants convert?light energy?into?chemical energy?stored ...
