Structure & Function of the Mitochondria Mitochondria are rod-shaped organelles 0.5 - 1.0 μm in diameter They are the site of aerobic respiration in eukaryotic cells The function of mitochondri...
Chloroplast Structures & their Functions Chloroplasts are the?organelles?in plant cells where?photosynthesis?occurs Each chloroplast is surrounded by a?double-membrane envelope Each of the enve...
Biodiversity Biodiversity can be thought of as a study of all the?variation?that exists within and between all forms of life Biodiversity looks at the range and variety of genes, species and habita...
Courtship Organisms belong to the?same species?if they interbreed in their natural habitat to produce?fertile offspring The process of successful interbreeding or mating is preceded by some form of...
Genetic Diversity Organisms of the same species have very similar genomes, but two individuals (even twins) will have differences between their DNA base sequences Considering the size of genomes, t...
Genetic Mutations A?gene mutation?is a change in the sequence of base pairs in a DNA molecule that may result in an altered polypeptide Mutations occur?continuously As the DNA base sequence determi...
The Genome A gene is a length of DNA that codes for a polypeptide/protein A?genome?is the complete set of?genes?present in a cell The full genome is present within every cell of an organism, but no...
DNA in Prokaryotes The DNA in prokaryotic cells is significantly different from the DNA found in eukaryotic cells “Prokaryote” means “before the nucleus” The DNA is double-stranded Prokaryotes poss...
Water & Mineral Ion Transport: Pathways & Mechanisms Within a plant?mineral ions?and?organic compounds?(eg. sucrose) are transported by being?dissolved in water. The?dissolved mineral ions?...
申請大學前，大家會結合很多因素來做綜合考慮，大學課程的靈活性也是其中一項指標。 有些同學在選專業時非常糾結，雖然喜歡這個專業，但擔心某一門必修課成為自己的短板。如何才能讓這些學生在自己擅長的領域嶄露...
Blood Circulation in Mammals The need for a circulatory system The cells of all living organisms need a constant supply of?reactants for metabolism, e.g. oxygen and glucose Single celled organisms ...
Edexcel IGCSE Maths復習筆記 1.6.1 Set Notation & Venn Diagrams What do I need to know? You’ll be drawing?Venn?diagrams?so make sure you are familiar with those first Notation ξ?is the?universal...
