??Tariff?is the indirect taxes on the prices of imported goods to discourage domestic demand.

??Subsidies is government grants paid to domestic producers to reduce their production costs, enabling them to sell their products at lower prices than overseas producers.

??Quota?is a limit on the volume of an imported good allowed into a country.

??Embargo?is a ban on the importation of a product or products from overseas.

??Unreasonable quality controls for imported products.

與之相反，貿(mào)易逆差則是指，各國家或地區(qū)在一定時期內(nèi)的進(jìn)口額大于出口額的現(xiàn)象。一般表明一國的對外貿(mào)易處于較為不利的地位。

??Trade deficit occurs when a country imports more than it exports.

??Budget deficit occurs when government spending exceeds revenue

??Budget surplus occurs when government spending exceeds revenue

??Primary sector:?the extraction and production of natural resources (agriculture, fishing, and activities such as mining, and oil extraction.)

??Secondary sector: construction and manufacturing(food processing, textiles, clothing, iron and electronics.)

??Tertiary sector: personal and business services(Services and diverse activities as transportation, banking, retailing and information technology)

??Dumping is a form of predatory pricing. It involves one country ‘flooding’ another with a product at a price significantly below its market price to force rival producers out of business.