??Tariff?is the indirect taxes on the prices of imported goods to discourage domestic demand.
??Subsidies is government grants paid to domestic producers to reduce their production costs, enabling them to sell their products at lower prices than overseas producers.
??Quota?is a limit on the volume of an imported good allowed into a country.
??Embargo?is a ban on the importation of a product or products from overseas.
??Unreasonable quality controls for imported products.
與之相反,貿易逆差則是指,各國家或地區在一定時期內的進口額大于出口額的現象。一般表明一國的對外貿易處于較為不利的地位。
??Trade deficit occurs when a country imports more than it exports.
??Budget deficit occurs when government spending exceeds revenue
??Budget surplus occurs when government spending exceeds revenue
??Primary sector:?the extraction and production of natural resources (agriculture, fishing, and activities such as mining, and oil extraction.)
??Secondary sector: construction and manufacturing(food processing, textiles, clothing, iron and electronics.)
??Tertiary sector: personal and business services(Services and diverse activities as transportation, banking, retailing and information technology)
另一方面,過多的貿易壁壘會限制消費者的購買選擇,減少了新的投資機會,也使得國內企業缺乏效率,更有可能遭到其他國家的報復。
??Dumping is a form of predatory pricing. It involves one country ‘flooding’ another with a product at a price significantly below its market price to force rival producers out of business.
對中國而言,2017年中國經濟的復蘇很大程度上與出口的改善有較大關系,中美貿易戰可能影響中國出口增速下滑,影響經濟總量。
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編輯|鄧菊萍
公眾號ID:SFLSIGCSE2011

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