學術 | 寫好新SAT作文必收藏，21種修辭手法及例句 （上）
新SAT的寫作部分，要求考生先閱讀一篇600 - 800字之間的議論文，通常來自美國各大報刊雜志或權威學術期刊，屬于標準的學術類文章。然后考生須分析作者運用了怎樣的修辭手法和表達方式建立其論點，以及是如何說服讀者的。相應的，The College Board會從閱讀理解、分析邏輯和書面語言這三個方面對考生進行評分。
As you read the passage below, consider how Eric Klinenberg uses
- evidence, such as facts or examples, to support claims.
- reasoning to develop ideas and to connect claims and evidence.
- stylistic or persuasive elements, such as word choice or appeals to emotion, to add power to the ideas expressed.
（新SAT作文要求）
在舊SAT中，考生只需要面對一個話題，提出自己的觀點并加以論證即可。這種情況下，考生如果提前背好大量的例證和漂亮的語言模板，就可以極大地擴充文章的篇幅，并沖擊高分。
但面對新SAT這幾乎是翻天覆地的變化，不少考生不知道該如何下手。這就需要考生了解并掌握英文的修辭手法及其用法，并從專業的評論性寫作角度出發，進行大量有針對性和反饋性地練習。
下面Vicky老師將為大家介紹21種中英文對照的、常見的英文修辭手法及例句，讓你一步步摸清新SAT寫作的“套路”。
1.?Simile 明喻 Similes?are one of the most common forms of figurative language and can be found just about anywhere: plays, poems, song lyrics, even everyday conversations. A simile is a figure of speech?that compares two different things in an interesting way. The object of a simile is to spark an interesting connection in a reader's or listener's mind.
明喻是一種最常見的修辭手法，適用于多種形式：戲劇、詩歌、歌詞、甚至是日常對話。明喻用一種有趣的方式比較兩種不同的事物，目的在于啟發讀者或聽者在這兩種事物之間建立一種有趣的聯系。
Example 例句：
??as busy as a bee (it's commonly thought that bees are very industrious)
像蜜蜂一樣忙碌 （人們普遍認為蜜蜂很勤勞）
??This contract is as solid as the ground we stand on.
這份合同如同我們腳下的土地一樣堅實。
??It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim finger-reaching to touch something.
它有長長的葉子在風中擺動，像伸出纖細的手指去觸摸什么東西似的。
2. Metaphor 隱喻
The definition of a metaphor is a figure of speech containing an implied comparison, in which a word or phrase ordinarily and primarily used of one thing is applied to another. For example, "the curtain of night" or "all the world's a stage."
隱喻的定義是“隱含比較的比喻“，將一個事物的詞或短語應用于另一個事物上。比如“夜幕”或“世界是一個舞臺” （出自莎士比亞）
Example 例句：
??German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets.
德國槍炮和德國飛機降下槍彈雨林。
??Time is a thief.
時間是小偷 。
??Rollercoaster of emotions.
如過山車般的情緒
3. Metonymy 借喻
The definition of a metonymy is a figure of speech in which one thing is replaced with a word closely associated with it. An example of a metonymy is referring to the King as "the Crown."
借喻是指一個詞被另一個與它密切相關的詞取代，比如人們通常用“皇冠”指代國王。
Example 例句：
??The pen is mightier than the sword. - This sentence has two?examples?of?metonymy: The "pen" stands in for "the written word."
筆比劍更有威力 - 這個句子有兩個借代的例子：“筆”代表“文字”。
??The White House - in place of the President or others who work there
用白宮指代總統或其他在那里工作的人
??Lend me your ears! - Ears - for giving attention
借用你們的耳朵！- 用“耳朵”指代“注意力”
4. Synecdoche 提喻
The definition of a Synecdoche is a figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole or the whole for a part.
提喻是指用一部分指代整體或整體的一部分。
Example 例句：
??Calling a car “wheels” is a synecdoche because a part of a car “wheels” stands for the whole car.
用“輪子”指代汽車，因為“輪子”是車的一部分。
??Music is my bread and butter – Bread represents food in general or money.
音樂是我的面包和黃油——用面包代表食物或金錢。
??The phrase "hired hands" can be used to refer to workmen.
“雇幫手”指代雇用工人。
5. Synesthesia 通感
The definition of a Synesthesia is a figure of speech in which one sense is described using terms from another. Examples of synesthesia often are in the form of a simile, as this is an easy way to link two previously unconnected images. For example, you might say, “The silence was as thick as a forest.”
通感是用其中一個感官的感受去描述另一個感官的感受，通常是以明喻的形式聯系起兩個毫無關系的事物，例如，你可能會說：“寂靜就像森林一樣茂密。”
Example 例句：
? You are looking cool -The visual sensation is blended with the sense of touch.
你看起來很酷——視覺感與觸覺的混合。
? His words cut the air like a dagger.
他的話像匕首一樣使人窒息。
? Thy voice is like wine to me.
這個聲音對我來說就像美酒一樣
6. Personification擬人化
The definition of a Personification is a figure of speech in which a thing, an idea or an animal is given human attributes.
擬人化是給事物、思想或動物賦予了人的屬性的一種修辭手法。
Example 例句：
??Look at my car. She is a beauty, isn’t it so?
看看我的車。她是個美人，不是嗎？
??The wind whispered through dry grass.
風悄悄地穿過干草。
??The flowers danced in the gentle breeze.
花兒在微風中翩翩起舞。
7. Hyperbole 夸張
The definition of a Hyperbole is a figure of speech which involves an exaggeration of ideas for the sake of emphasis.
夸張是一種用于強調、突出目的等修辭手法。
Example 例句：
??My grandmother is as old as the hills.
我的祖母像山坡一樣老。
??Your suitcase weighs a ton!
你的箱子重一噸！
??I am dying of shame.
我羞得要死了。
8. Parallelism 排比
The definition of a Parallelism is a figure of speech that use of components in a sentence are grammatically the same; or similar in their construction, sound, meaning or meter.
排比是一種使用多個語法成分類似或者構造、聲音、意義類似的修辭手法。
Example 例句：
??Like father, like son.
有其父，必有其子
??Whether in class, at work or at home, Michael was always busy.
無論是在課堂上、在工作中還是在家里，Michael總是很忙。
??Easy come, easy go.
來得容易去得也容易
9. Irony 諷刺
The definition of a Irony is a figure of speech in which words are used in such a way that their intended meaning is different from the actual meaning of the words. It may also be a situation that may end up in quite a different way than what is generally anticipated. In simple words, it is a difference between the appearance and the reality.
諷刺用于描述和實際意義完全不同的情況，或者和預期完全不一樣的結果，簡單來說，就是表面和現實并不相同。
Example 例句：
??“Oh great! Now you have broken my new camera.”
“噢，太棒了！你把我的新相機弄壞了。”
??You laugh at a person who slipped stepping on a banana peel and the next thing you know, you slipped too.
你嘲笑一個踩在香蕉皮上滑倒的人，下一秒，你也會重蹈覆轍。
??I posted a video on YouTube about how boring and useless YouTube is.
我在YouTube上發布了一段視頻用來說明YouTube是多么無聊和無用。
10. Euphemism 委婉
The definition of Euphemism is an inoffensive or indirect expression that is substituted for one that is considered offensive or too harsh.
委婉是一種用無害的或間接的方式來替代過于冒犯或苛刻的表達的一種修辭手法。
Example 例句：
??Passed away instead of died
用“去世“代替”死亡“
??Correctional facility instead of jail
用“矯正所”代替“坐牢”
??On the streets instead of homeless
用“露宿街頭”代替“無家可歸”
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