你以為as well as只是“和”的意思嗎？

原文與參考譯文

在民間傳說中，城隍，是守護(hù)國(guó)家、城池之神，也是主管獎(jiǎng)善懲惡、生死禍福等的司法神，通俗的說法就是陰間的地方官。廣州都城隍廟始建于1370年，距今已有640多年的歷史。廣州都城隍廟是明清時(shí)期廣州城內(nèi)的標(biāo)志性建筑，曾被評(píng)為清代“羊城八景”之一，盛極一時(shí)。

In the folklore, Town God is the guardian of country, protecting the city under his administration. At the meantime, he is the God of justice?in charge of rewarding good and punishing evil, deciding life &?death?and happiness & disasters. In other words, Town God is the regional governor, in the netherworld.Guangzhou Du Town God Temple was founded in 1370, with a history of over 640 years. It was a landmark?architecture of Guangzhou during Ming and Qing Dynasties, once flourished as one of the Eight Sceneries in Guangzhou.

廣州都城隍廟是道教場(chǎng)所，不僅宣揚(yáng)中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)道教文化，也宣揚(yáng)中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)道德規(guī)范，同時(shí)也寄托了大眾對(duì)正義的向往。在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中，城隍文化將更加豐富，重拾城隍記憶，重視尊老、養(yǎng)老、互助的精神，以利于社會(huì)的和諧發(fā)展。

The temple is a ritual venue of Taoism. It distributes Chinese Taoist culture and advocates traditional moral norms. Not only that, it shows people’s desire and pursuit of justice.In modern society, the culture of Town God is further enriched and the memory of Town God comes back. It is about respecting the senior aged, providing for the aged and helping one another. All this is good for harmonious development of the society.

詳細(xì)解析及錯(cuò)誤分析

1在民間傳說中，城隍，是守護(hù)國(guó)家、城池之神，也是主管獎(jiǎng)善懲惡、生死禍福等的司法神，通俗的說法就是陰間的地方官。

In the folklore, Town God is the guardian of country, protecting the city under his administration. At the meantime, he is the God of justice?in charge of rewarding good and punishing evil and deciding life &?death?and happiness & disasters. In other words, Town God is the regional governor, in the netherworld.

解析：這句話乍眼一看好像很復(fù)雜，其實(shí)細(xì)細(xì)剖析結(jié)構(gòu)很明確: 城隍就兩個(gè)身份，第一是守護(hù)國(guó)家的神，第二是司法神。（“主管……”可以用in charge of…）陰間的地方官這一句是對(duì)前面兩個(gè)身份的進(jìn)一步說明。因此，參考譯文將這種層次處理為三個(gè)句子，十分清晰明了。在這里要注意以下不要漏譯，“獎(jiǎng)善懲惡”就是獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)那些做了好事的，懲罰那些做了壞事的，英文里面就有現(xiàn)成的表達(dá)“rewarding good and punishing evil”，至于“生死禍福”，要補(bǔ)充一下動(dòng)詞就是“decide”，也是定奪人們的生和死，禍和福。

同學(xué)譯句01

1、 Town god, in the Chinese folk tales, is the god to safeguard the nations and charge the penalty. In a simple way, town god is the magistrate of the underworld. （Kinsley）

分析：charge the penalty收取罰款？？這里實(shí)在是看不懂。該同學(xué)的譯文實(shí)在是漏譯了太多內(nèi)容了，漏譯在考試?yán)锩婵鄯质呛車?yán)重的，希望同學(xué)們能夠引以為戒，不要隨便省略掉原文的內(nèi)容。

2、?In folklore, Chenghuang temple is the god of guarding city and country as well as the judicial god in charge of rewarding?the good and punishing?the evil, the fate of life and death, etc. That's the local official of the underworld.（Nico）

分析：注意一下，城隍廟和城隍是不一樣的，不要想所以然，城隍是一種神，城隍廟就是人們修建的供奉這個(gè)神的廟宇。城隍廟本身是不會(huì)守護(hù)城池的，城隍這個(gè)神才會(huì)守護(hù)。city和country并不是并列的關(guān)系，所以處理為guarding city and country并不好。

這里我們可以理解為一個(gè)國(guó)家是由很多個(gè)城池構(gòu)成，所以像參考譯文那么處理就很妥當(dāng)，因?yàn)槌勤蚴紫仁莟he guardian of country，所以他才會(huì)進(jìn)一步去protecting the city。這個(gè)同學(xué)把兩個(gè)身份用as well as連接，其實(shí)并不夠妥當(dāng)。

因?yàn)閍s well as常用來連接兩個(gè)并列的成分,作“也,還”解，它強(qiáng)調(diào)的是前一項(xiàng),后一項(xiàng)只是順便提及，如Your wife as well as you is friendly to me.除了你，你的妻子也對(duì)我很友好，這句話里面就強(qiáng)調(diào)是你的妻子。所以，大家對(duì)于這個(gè)as well as切勿濫用，因?yàn)樵牡氖刈o(hù)神和司法神就是并列關(guān)系，并沒有強(qiáng)調(diào)誰，你用and還更為恰當(dāng)。

2廣州都城隍廟始建于1370年，距今已有640多年的歷史。廣州都城隍廟是明清時(shí)期廣州城內(nèi)的標(biāo)志性建筑，曾被評(píng)為清代“羊城八景”之一，盛極一時(shí)。

Guangzhou Du Town God Temple was founded in 1370, with a history of over 640 years. It was a landmark?architecture of Guangzhou during Ming and Qing Dynasties, once flourished as one of the Eight Sceneries in Guangzhou.

解析：原文中的“盛極一時(shí)”其實(shí)就是描述城隍廟作為標(biāo)志性建筑，被評(píng)為八景之一這件事，是城隍廟有史以來的一件很鼎盛的事情。參考譯文將其處理為flourished as（繁榮發(fā)展）十分恰當(dāng)貼切。

我們可以都看看一些例句來體會(huì)一下flourish的用法:(1)Since then it has flourished as a port and a center of demand-led, free-market economics.

自此之后，該地經(jīng)濟(jì)蓬勃發(fā)展，不但成為港口，而且是一個(gè)由需求帶動(dòng)的自由市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)中心。

(2)It flourished as a trade center from the 4th-century b. c. until its capture by the Romans in a. d. 106.

從公元前4世紀(jì)直到公元106年被羅馬人占領(lǐng)，它一直是一個(gè)繁華的貿(mào)易中心。

同學(xué)譯句02

1、?Guangzhou Chenghuang Temple has been over 640 years since built in 1370. It was the landmark building in Guangzhou in Ming and Qing Dynasty, which was known as one of “the eight scenes in Ram City”, in fashion for a period.?（Sky）

分析：該同學(xué)語法不過關(guān)，第一句很明顯就是錯(cuò)誤的，這種低級(jí)錯(cuò)誤在考試?yán)锩嬉彩欠浅Ｖ旅模瑧?yīng)該改為: It has been 640 years since Guangzhou Chenghuang Temple?was founded in 1370. 此外，dynasty 沒有加復(fù)數(shù)。Which was known as也讓人一頭霧水，這個(gè)which到底是指什么？建議改為Known as one of the…, it was the landmark…。

此外，in fashion也不對(duì)，in fashion是指流行，和“盛極一時(shí)”差得遠(yuǎn)了。這樣的譯文硬傷太多，實(shí)在難以打上一個(gè)及格的分?jǐn)?shù)。

2、?Guangzhou Chenghuang Temple was founded in 1370, about 640 years ago. Awarded with one of “The Eight Views of Ram City” in Qing dynasty, the temple was the landmark of Guangzhou city in the period of Ming and?Qing dynasty.?(A.D.1368-1912).?(Cassie)

分析：原文“距今已有640多年的歷史”的潛臺(tái)詞其實(shí)就是，城隍廟歷史悠久，該同學(xué)處理為“Guangzhou Chenghuang Temple was founded in 1370, about 640 years ago”則把這一內(nèi)涵翻譯得蕩然無存。in the period of Ming and Qing dynasty簡(jiǎn)化為in Ming and Qing Dynasties就行了。

3廣州都城隍廟是，不僅宣揚(yáng)中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)道教文化，也宣揚(yáng)中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)道德規(guī)范，同時(shí)也寄托了大眾對(duì)正義的向往。The temple is a ritual venue of Taoism. It advocates Chinese Taoist culture and traditional moral norms. Not only that, it shows people’s desire and pursuit of justice.

同學(xué)譯句03

1、 Guangzhou City God is the place of Taoism, where people put their hanker for justice, not only preaching Chinese traditional Taoism culture, but also the Chinese traditional moral.?(Alison)解析：該同學(xué)的句法意識(shí)還不錯(cuò)，可惜的是，put one’s hanker沒有這么用的，查查語料庫(kù)，沒有人這么用過。

因此，前面一句建議改為：Guangzhou Town?God Temple, a?place of Taoism, is the embodiment of people’s?hankers?for justice.

4在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中，城隍文化將更加豐富，重拾城隍記憶，重視尊老、養(yǎng)老、互助的精神，以利于社會(huì)的和諧發(fā)展。

In modern?society, the culture of Town God is further enriched and the memory of Town God comes back. It is about the spirits?of respecting the senor aged, providing for?the?aged?and helping one another. All this is good for harmonious development of the society.

分析：“在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中，城隍文化將更加豐富”意思是在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)城隍文化將會(huì)被賦予更多新的內(nèi)涵，即“重視尊老、養(yǎng)老、互助的精神”。所以參考譯文用了“It is about”。這一段原文看似支離破碎，其實(shí)內(nèi)涵、條理十分清晰：在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)，我們?cè)诔勤蛭幕屑尤胫匾曌鹄稀B(yǎng)老、互助的精神，這件事是有利于社會(huì)的和諧發(fā)展的。

大家在中譯英的時(shí)候，大不必被原文的形式嚇倒，有時(shí)候中文里面就有很多支離破碎的語言，再加上各種成語，就顯得很難的樣子。我們要透過形式，看透這句話最本質(zhì)的內(nèi)涵和邏輯關(guān)系，用最簡(jiǎn)潔的英語翻譯出來。

被動(dòng)句篇

前言被動(dòng)句的廣泛使用是英語不同于漢語的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)。漢語中雖然也有被動(dòng)句，但使用范圍較窄，許多被動(dòng)意義的句子是用無主語的形式來表達(dá)的。英語被動(dòng)句的譯 法比較靈活，本次練習(xí)以十個(gè)句子為例，希望拋磚引玉，對(duì)同學(xué)們的翻譯有所啟發(fā)：

原題1. The Senate appropriation subcommittee had no knowledge on this and had not been consulted on those reported plans.

2. The conductor appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.

3. Arafat was bitterly criticized within the Palestine ranks for trusting US guarantees that civilian left in the camps would not be harmed.

4. The economies of Iran and Iraq were greatly undermined by the protracted hostilities and losses in manpower and material values.

5. US concern for the affairs in Central America was demonstrated by the presence of the battleship Iowa off the coast of Honduras.

6. The pigs have been fed.

7. It is believed to be natural that more and more engineers have come to prefer synthetic material to natural material.

8. The Statue of Liberty was presented to the United States of America in the nineteenth century by the people of France.

9. Wrongs must be righted when they are discovered.

10.?He said he was assured by the State Department that the U.S. is willing to normalize relations with his country.

1The Senate appropriation subcommittee had no knowledge on this and had not been consulted on those reported plans.

參議院撥款小組委員會(huì)對(duì)此一無所知，也沒有人就傳聞 中的計(jì)劃與該小組委員會(huì)進(jìn)行過磋商。

解析：英語被動(dòng)句的使用要比漢語廣泛得多，因此,大量的英語被動(dòng)句都可譯為漢語的主動(dòng)句，這句話就是典型的被動(dòng)句轉(zhuǎn)化為漢語的主動(dòng)句。?2The conductor appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.樂團(tuán)指揮 出現(xiàn)在舞臺(tái),聽眾報(bào)以熱烈的掌聲。

同學(xué)譯句01

指揮員出現(xiàn)在舞臺(tái)上，受到了觀眾的熱烈鼓掌。（Joyce）點(diǎn)評(píng)：這位同學(xué)就沒有適時(shí)將被動(dòng)句式轉(zhuǎn)化為主動(dòng)句式，從而導(dǎo)致翻譯出來的東西翻譯腔極其濃烈。“受到了觀眾的熱烈鼓掌”恐怕不像是一句“人話”。注意，conductor在這里是樂團(tuán)的指揮，而不是某些同學(xué)翻譯的所謂“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)”，這些同學(xué)翻譯成“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)”，簡(jiǎn)直是令人啼笑皆非，也暴露了這些同學(xué)不勤于查詞、求證。

3Arafat was bitterly criticized within the Palestine ranks for trusting US guarantees that civilian left in the camps would not be harmed.

阿拉法特在巴勒斯坦武裝內(nèi)部受到嚴(yán)厲批 評(píng)，因?yàn)樗p信了美國(guó)關(guān)于留在難民營(yíng)中的平民不會(huì)遭到傷害的保證。解析：在英語中,被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)常用來表述一個(gè)動(dòng)作。這時(shí),句中的受動(dòng)者或by詞組表 明的施動(dòng)者(如果有的話)均降到了次要地位。在翻譯這類被動(dòng)句時(shí),可以用 “被 ”、“受 ”、“遭到 ”、“為 … …所 ” 等詞語來表達(dá),使譯文突出原文的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。

4The economies of Iran and Iraq were greatly undermined by the protracted hostilities and losses in manpower and material values.

伊朗和伊拉克的經(jīng)濟(jì)由于長(zhǎng)期的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)以及人力物資的損失而遭到巨大的破壞。解析：這句話如果死譯為“經(jīng)濟(jì)被戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)及人力物資的損失破壞了”則顯然有些拗口，我們大可靈活處理，把by處理為“因?yàn)椋捎凇保拖駞⒖甲g文一樣。當(dāng)然，有些同學(xué)干脆處理為主動(dòng)句，也是可以的。

5US concern for the affairs in Central America was demonstrated by the presence of the battleship Iowa off the coast of Honduras.衣阿華號(hào)戰(zhàn)列艦在洪都拉斯沿海出現(xiàn),表明了美國(guó)對(duì)中美洲事務(wù)的關(guān)注。解析：這句話里面也有by，和第四句話類似，但是這里我們可以靈活處理，不必像上一句那樣處理為“因?yàn)椋捎凇薄?/p>

同學(xué)譯句02

在洪都拉斯海岸的愛荷華州出現(xiàn)的戰(zhàn)艦引起了美國(guó)對(duì)于中美洲事件的關(guān)注。（何同學(xué)）點(diǎn)評(píng)：該同學(xué)理解錯(cuò)了demonstrate的意思了，demonstrate的意思我們通過查字典，得知是?to show or prove something clearly，所以這個(gè)something是本來就存在的，而demonstrate則是將這個(gè)something清晰地證明或者證明給別人看。所以，美國(guó)對(duì)中美洲事務(wù)本來就是比較關(guān)注的，而現(xiàn)在戰(zhàn)艦的出現(xiàn)，則是進(jìn)一步證明、表明了這一點(diǎn)。

6The pigs have been fed.豬已經(jīng)喂完了。

解析：有些同學(xué)會(huì)翻譯成“豬已經(jīng)被喂完了”，其實(shí)中文里面，很多時(shí)候，不用“被”字，被動(dòng)的意義也還是在的，比如我們經(jīng)常說“小說已經(jīng)出版了”“燈已經(jīng)關(guān)了”，而不是“小說已經(jīng)被出版了”“燈已經(jīng)被關(guān)了”，后者顯得十分呆板。有時(shí)候同學(xué)們被英文原文束縛了，中文的那種呆板表達(dá)一下子就出來，大家一定要注意一下。

7It is believed to be natural that more and more engineers have come to prefer synthetic material to natural material.

愈來愈多的工程人員寧愿用合成材料而不用天然材料，人們相信這是很自然一件事。解析：漢譯時(shí)，我們可以增加適當(dāng)?shù)氖┦拢丛⒄Z被動(dòng)句中沒有施事， 譯成漢語主動(dòng)句時(shí)， 可以從邏輯出發(fā)， 適當(dāng)增添不確定的施事， 如“人們、有人、大家、我們”。通常狀況下，某些要求復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞（如 believe, consider,?find, know, see, think）用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)， 翻譯時(shí)經(jīng)常可加上不確定的施事；由 it 作形式主語的英語被動(dòng)句式，漢譯時(shí)也可加不確定的施事。這句話同學(xué)們基本都能夠翻譯對(duì)，問題不大。

8The Statue of Liberty was presented to the United States of America in the nineteenth century by the people of France.自由神雕像是法國(guó)人民在十九世紀(jì)送給美國(guó)的。解析：漢語中常用“ ……是 ……的 ”這一句式來說明人和事物的客觀情況。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在語義上往往具有被動(dòng)的含義。可以與英語中的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)相溝通。一般說來 , 英語中用來說明客觀情況的被動(dòng)句都可譯為漢語的這一句式。

同學(xué)譯句03

1、自由女神像于19世紀(jì)由法國(guó)人送去美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)。（Kris）

2、19世紀(jì)，法國(guó)人將自由女神像贈(zèng)送給美國(guó)。（Alison）

點(diǎn)評(píng)：這兩個(gè)同學(xué)的譯文都不能說錯(cuò)，但又不能說完全對(duì)，因?yàn)樽屑?xì)讀讀原文，主題其實(shí)還是在討論一個(gè)關(guān)于“自由女神像”的客觀事實(shí)，所以對(duì)比各種版本的譯文，仍以參考譯文的譯法為佳。9Wrongs must be righted when they are discovered.發(fā)現(xiàn)了錯(cuò)誤一定要改正。

解析：這句話是典型的將被動(dòng)句譯為漢語的無主句。漢語的句子可以不帶主語，因 此無須說出行為主體時(shí)可以將英語的被動(dòng)句譯為漢語的無主句。一般來說英語中不帶由by引導(dǎo)的短語并含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)句都可采用這種譯法。10He said he was assured by the State Department that the U.S. is willing to normalize relations with his country.他說,國(guó)務(wù)院向他擔(dān)保美國(guó)愿意同他的國(guó)家恢復(fù)正常關(guān)系。這句話也是典型將被動(dòng)句譯為主動(dòng)句。

同學(xué)譯句04

1、他表示，國(guó)家部門向他保證美國(guó)愿意正常化與他們國(guó)家的關(guān)系。（Jadyn）

點(diǎn)評(píng)：這位同學(xué)就有點(diǎn)翻譯腔了，因?yàn)椤罢；痹谥形睦锩婧苌僦苯幼鲃?dòng)詞，一般都是作名詞，比如“中美邦交的正常化”。2、美國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院向他保證，美國(guó)很樂意使兩國(guó)關(guān)系正常化。（Cassie）

點(diǎn)評(píng)：這位同學(xué)就操之過急了，“兩國(guó)”其中一國(guó)是我們知道是美國(guó)，所以另一國(guó)是哪國(guó)？這個(gè)譯文讓人看了一頭霧水。直接直譯為他的國(guó)家不就行了？

今天的講解就到此結(jié)束啦，你學(xué)會(huì)了嗎？

來自英專聲