本文產生背景如下：

兩位比較有代表性的考生在咨詢現任FAA的AP執照考官也就是DME的相關問題！

考生1：在某航空工作7年，由于平時接觸的是塞斯納172和150等這些螺旋槳小飛機，因為在實操考試中遇到了渦扇發動機等方面的內容，導致考試沒有通過（主要就是因為考生經歷與實際實操考試中很多內容不符，平時工作沒有接觸過，這樣的考生如何準備工作經歷，進行申請和備考考試）！其就實際工作經歷時長和實操考試的內容咨詢考官 Denny

考生2：直升機航空維護工作10年，從事的螺旋槳飛機維護比較有經驗，咨詢關于實操考試中一些類似固定翼the dope and fabric projects-（涂料，織布或蒙皮等實操項目）知識點的備考方法，以及考試相關問題！

以下為正文

關于考生1的問題的回答：

Thank you for the feedback. I think many ofthe issues and concern you noted are being address maybe not directly, butindirectly with the new DME procedures.

謝謝你們的反饋。我認為你們關心的一些問題大多都指向新的dme流程

Applicants for a mechanic certificate mustmeet the requirements of part 65 subparts A and D. There are two ways to meetthe requirements of part 65 subparts A and D 1) work experience and 2) attend apart 147 aviation program.

執照申請人必須滿足65部的A和D的要求，有兩種方式滿足要求，1.維修經歷2.從事147部航空相關工作

Section 65.77 requires the applicant tohave documented practical experience in maintaining airframes and/orpowerplants. At least 18-months of practical experience appropriate to therating requested is required.

FAA的FAR 65部77章要求申請人具有可以證明的機身和(或)發動機的維修經歷。每個評定要求最少18個月相關經歷。

For a certificate with both ratings, therequirement is at least 30-months of experience concurrently performing theduties appropriate to both ratings.

如果要同時獲得兩項評定(airframe和powerplant)的資格，則要求至少30個月的同時實施a&p的工作經歷。

If the applicant has not met the required30-months concurrently performing the duties appropriate to both ratings,calculate each rating separately using the 18-month requirement for each.

如果申請人不能提供30個月的同時實施a&p的經歷，則需要單獨計算每個評定的18個月的經歷。

NOTE:Applying for ratings separately will result in no less than 36 months total requirement for both ratings.

提示:如果單獨計算經歷，為了兩個評定會導致需要不少于36個月的工作經歷證明。

編注：中國機務申請AP執照考試，必須提供真實的可以證明其工作經歷時長的文件，由于中國機務大部分接觸的是大重型飛機，且國內通常按照ME，AV或STR等專業劃分，有的朋友在大修廠，有的則是機場機務，航線機務，這些都沒有關系，只需提供真實的工作經歷證明就可以！

局方Interview審核工作經歷時，也會綜合考慮“評定”的，舉例你只做電子類維護工作的朋友，肯定在發動機方面有自己 的欠缺，但是通過維修經歷明細綜合看，是符合AP基礎執照考試資格的！

Practical Experience. 實作經歷

The practical experience must provide theapplicant with basic knowledge of and skills in the procedures, practices,materials, tools, machine tools, and equipment used in aircraft construction,alteration, maintenance, and inspection。

實作經歷使申請人掌握基礎知識和技能，熟悉程序，操作，材料，工具，工裝，設備，用以從事飛機結構修理，改裝，維護，檢查。

expectation期望

There is no expectation that an applicantbe highly proficient in overhauls, major repairs, or major alterations in theminimum 18 months of experience.

我們沒有期望在如此短的18個月里申請人能精通大修，大改這些東西。

Powerplant Tests. 發動機測試

Powerplant tests will include questions andprojects on propellers that the applicant must successfully complete regardlessof his or her experience.

發動機測試包含關于螺旋槳的問題和項目，哪怕沒有經驗，考生也必須完成這些測試。

Part Time Practical Experience.

During the evaluation of part time practicalaviation maintenance experience, the applicant must document an equivalent of18 months for each rating individually, or 30 months of experience for bothratings. This is based on a standard work week that has 8 hours per day for 5days per week, or a 40 hour work week, or a total of approximately 160 hoursper month. The time is cumulative, but the days, weeks, and months are notrequired to be consecutive. The practical experience must be documented.

兼職實作經驗

評估兼職實作經歷時，申請人必須證明單個評定對應的18個月或兩個評定的30個月的維修經歷。時間基于標準工作周，比如每個星期5天8小時，或每個星期40小時，或者每個月大概160小時。時間可以累加，而且不要求連續。維修經歷必須要有證明。

With the revised FAA Order 8900.2A now meetthe requirements to take the tests is one thing, but passing is somethingdifferent. Applicants can still purchase the written test questions and answer even if the FAA does not publish them anymore. Many applicants will study and pass the written tests.

因為修訂的faa指令8900.2A，現在參加考試和通過不是一回事(工作經歷非常有可能與實操考試知識點不符)。faa就算不再發布題庫，考生依舊可以購買題庫復習并通過考試。(-這里強調的就是，即便考生考試經歷與實操知識點有差異，比如先前只維護通航小飛機經歷的，在考渦扇渦噴等發動機方面的內容時，完全可以事先備考，通過學習題庫來彌補經歷差異，從而通過考試)

Testing Periods. 考試時效

Once the tests have begun, applicants mustpass all the required tests within a 24 month period and this include the Oraland Practical tests.

考生必須在2年內完成所有的項目，包括口試和實作。(編注：注意，這里需要指出的是，筆試和口試實操考試分別獨立，也就是說兩年內你可以先考筆試，筆試通過了，再在剩下的時間內考口試實操-口試實操必須一次性全部通過；有的朋友問，口試實操能否再分開考，比如實操考20個項目，能否先考10個，余下的10個過段時間再考，這個方案是不行的)

With the new downloader planning sheet the DME will be using the FAA will pick all oral test questions as well as the practical projects. What has changed as well is if a applicant fail asubsection say on the Airframe section 1 then they fail the entire section 1and will have to retest the entire section again.

DME會使用新的下載計劃頁，和實作項目一樣，FAA會從整個口試題庫里抽題。同樣改變的是，如果考生口試時沒有通過機身第1章的任意一小項，那么整章都掛了，需要重新考機身第1章。

On all retest, the DME will download a newretest and again the FAA will pick the questions and them will be differentfrom the original test. The same thing for the practical skills test if you faila project you would have to repeat that project and a set of new practicalprojects the DME will download from the FAA database.

補考時，DME會重新下載新的補考頁，FAA會重新抽題，于先前的題目不一樣。實作技能考試也是一樣，如果你掛了一個項目，你必須重新做這個，DME會從faa數據庫里重新下載一個實作項目題庫(實作也有題目要問的說)

編注：這里考官主要是針對2015年10月之后，FAA官方考試方式以及DME的出題方式有了全新的變化的，口試實操題目都是通過官方題庫里直接隨機生成的考題，每個章節的知識點在實際考試中必須全部通過，否則只能是重新生成考題再重考，關于這方面新政策的詳細解讀.

Make no mistake about the new O&P testing it random questions and projects and will be the luck of the draw what project an applicant will get. If an applicant only has turbine experience theymay get reciprocating engine projects the DME will have no say in the projects.

別搞錯了，新的口試實作考試是完全隨機的題目和項目，考生全靠運氣抽題。如果考生只有渦輪發動機的經驗，卻抽到了活塞發動機的項目，DME也沒有辦法。

The new planning sheet the DMEs will beusing will level the playing field when it comes to testing applicants. The part 147 school applicant will be better prepared since their school programscover all of the subject area’s with class room study and hands on projects inthe lab. So for part 147 applicants I do not see any issues.

DME使用全新的計劃頁考核考生，是完全公平的。147部學校的考生會準備的更好，因為他們的學校教學，從教室到實驗室，包含了所有考核項目。所以147部的考生，在我看來沒有任何問題。

However, for military and mechanicauthorized to test on work experience I see the oral and practical being a verydifficult test to pass without formal part 147 school training.

同時，軍人和機械員如果僅僅依靠工作經驗去參加測試，而不是經過正式的147部學習，我認為口試和實作是有相當難度的事情。

編注：關于口試實操考試的問題，我們強調中國機務要調整心態和看法，首先AP執照對于FAA來說是一個機務職業的入門執照，在實際實操考試中，考察的是你的施工標準和注意事項，對于故障處理結果不會刻意的要求，如果碰到你完全么有見過（如果你按照實操考試題庫進行備考，不會出現沒有見過的實操項目的現象）或者操作過的項目，完全可以自己現場查找手冊（考試現場會提供對應手冊），根據手冊查詢結果來指導你進行操作

退一萬步講，比如一些機場機務或者航材的平時一線操作計劃少的朋友，對實操考試有疑慮，可以自愿選擇在考前進行針對性的實操項目培訓-（這個是付費項目，按照科目對應的項目，每小時收費）

This new downloader planning sheet doesserve a good purpose

新下載計劃頁有

1) it prevents a DME from only picking oraland practical projects based on an applicant’s background and

1)它避免了 DME通過考生的背景經歷來選題(防止舞弊)

2) it requires all DMEs to have the sametype of tool and equipment leveling the testing playing field.

2)它要求所有DME提供相同的工具設備，使考試更加公平。

I will admit the new tool list the FAArequires all DMEs to have will force many private DMEs to retire, as it will benot be cost effective to purchase all the things that a part 147 school has. Asa result, for DMEs being affiliated with a part 147 school is a major plussince they all have the required tools and equipment to run their schools.

我認為新的工具清單上要求所有DME必須具備，會導致很多個人DME干不下去，因為購買這些147部學校擁有的工具設備需要花不少錢。對于附屬于147部學校的DME們這根本不是個問題，因為學校里有全部的工裝設備。

總結：AP執照考試內容和條件局方只公布了一個準則條款，但是不同的人需要有自己合適的理解，作為考官只能要求大家認真備考，消化好每一個知識點，以不變應萬變，無論如何，備考好了，知識點消化了是自己的，考試只是檢驗知識掌握程度的手段而已！

關于第二個考生的問題的回答：

A lot of the issues you mentioned I agreewith. I just completed going through all of the 682 possible practical projectsin the NEW Practical Test Standard (PTS) and researching all the data for eachone.

你提到的很多問題，我很贊同，我曾經研究了新的PTS標準下（大家注意：FAA局方最新的PTS更新于2015年9月，三科都有更新，具體不明白的朋友聯系小編-微信號faachina咨詢）的所有682個實操項目，并且詳細記錄學習了每一個實操項目所要考察的項目

The FAA had decided to put some of the dopeand fabric projects back because of the LSA category of aircraft and many usethis process.

根據研究梳理的結果看，FAA局方已經決定將涂料和織布項目重新放回實作，因為lsa(light sport aircraft)類型和很多其他飛機都有用到這些技能

All the FAA expects on the practical testsis the basic skills and nothing more.

局方的意圖明顯，也即通過實操考試來檢驗考生的基本技能，僅此而已！

However, going through all the possibleprojects is did find a few in the turbine section that I would consider morethan requiring basic skills.

然而，研究了所有的實操項目之后，我發現想要順利通過實操考試，學習更多的知識點很有必要，比如，在實操項目中也出現了一些關于渦輪發電機章節的內容（這些內容可不是簡單的基礎技能）

Because of the new planning sheets thatwill have the 20 selected projects, I decided to look each and every one up andwrite down the reference from the NEW FAA AMT-Series(Dale Crane) or AC 43.13-1B where I found the reference for that project.

在新的實操考試操作辦法中，我們知道需要全部隨機抽調20個實操項目，因此，我們找出了每一個實操項目在新的教材(Dale Crane)和AC43.13-1B中對應的知識點參考，

The new FAA AMT-Series(Dale Crane) and for the General,Airframe and Engine do cover all the subject areas pretty well with ?illustrated by detailed diagrams and simple illustrations. All most all of the data is the same and some updated.

新的教材通過詳實的圖表和簡單易懂的圖示完美包含了AGP三科考試的所有知識點，知識點大同小異，有一些做了更新

I really think any applicant can pass theoral and practical test if they take the NEW Practical Test Standard(PTS-testgiude) and do what I did as a DME and look up each section andelement. I realize this takes time and it took me three weeks straight to lookup and read all the reference material and make a project sheets for each one.

我堅信，只要考生像我一樣，通過全新的NEW PTS-testguide認真研究復習了每章節理論知識點，他都能順利通過OP考試；當然，復習是需要花時間的，比如我就花了三個星期去通讀所有的考試項目，并找出對應的參考知識點，同時也為每個考試項目做了學習筆記！

However the practical test is at the basiclevel and I wrote all my projects to that level and I would expect everyapplicant that tests to use the PTS as a study guide regardless if they went to a part 147 or obtain work experience.

然而，實操考試出發點是測試基礎能力，但是在復習的時候要全面細心的理解所有知識點；因此我們也希望，無論你是147學員還是在職機務，都需要認真的學習這本全新的PTS（作為參考資料）

Lastly, my best applicants have been formerand current military applicants. If an applicant can read, follow directions(maintenance procedures) and not get hurt they will pass the practical tests.

最后，來我這邊考試的最好的考生是來自軍隊的申請者（心理素質好），如果大家能夠順暢的閱讀，看懂手冊，放平心態，那么他就會通過實操考試

Each project will have reference data toread and follow this is part of the test and not getting hurt is the safetyrelated part of the test.

要知道，每一個考試項目都有很明確的參考資料來學習，根據你備考的成果來指導你考試，平常心對待考試過程也非常重要！

All I ask applicants is come prepared andnot stress out. Stress is the biggest issue I see in all the applicants I havetested, but being prepared will certainly reduce the stress.

在正式考試之前，我都會問每一位考試是否準備好考試，并且提醒他不要緊張，不要有壓力；心理上的壓力是影響考試的最大因素，但是，請一定認真備考，只有這樣，才能做到胸有成竹，從容應考