專業生物、醫學英語常用前后綴總結

專業生物、醫學英語前后綴總結

1．人體主要器官前綴名稱通用名前（后）綴常用形容詞示例

心 heart cardiao- cardial cardium/carditis/cardiology

腦 brain encepholo- cerebralcerebrum/encephalitis/encephalology

肺 lung pulmo- pulmonarypulmontiis/pulmonectomy/pulmonology

肝 liver hepato- hepatic hepatitis/hepatobiliary/hepatology

胃 stomach gastro- gastricgastritis/gastrointestinal/gastrology

膽 gallbladder chole- biliaryholecystitis/cholinergic/cholecystectomy

腸 intestine entero- intestinalenteritis/enterectomy/enterology

脾 spleen splen- splenic splenitis/splenectomy/splenology

胰 pancreas pancreato- pancreaticpancreatitis/pancreatectomy

腎 kidney nephro- renal/nephricnephritis/nephropathy/nephrology

2．與人體系統、器官有關的前（后）綴名稱通用名前（后）綴示例

血 blood hemo-/hemato hematology/hemoglobin/hematoma

血管 vessel vaso- vasopressor/cardiovasology/verebrovascular

靜脈 vein veno- venography/intravenous/venoconstriction

動脈 artery arterio- arteriology/arteriole/arteriosclerosis

肌 muscle myo- mycology/myositis/myocarditis

髓 marrow myel-/myelo- myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma

神經 nerve neur-/neyro- neurology/neuritis/neuron

細胞 cell cyto-/-cyte cytology/cytoma/leukocyte

尿 urine uro-/ur- urology/urosurgery/urogenital

體 body somato-/some somatology/somatopsychic/chromosome

3．與數字有關的前綴數字前綴示例

一（單） mono-/uni- monomer/monoclone/carbonmonoxide/unidirectional

二 bi-/di- bilateral/biphasiccarbon dioxide/dipeptide

三 tri- trilateral/triphasic/trigeminal nerve

四 tetra- tetramer/tetracycline/tetraplegia

五 penta- pentagon/pentachromic/pentachloride

六 hexa- hexachromic/benzenehexachloride(666)/hexacycliccompiund

七 hepta- heptachromic/heptaploid/heptavalent

八 octa- octahedral/octal system

九 nona- nonapeptide/nonagon

十 deca- decade/decagram/decaliter

注：十位數的表示一般為：個位數前綴+deca，如：hexadecanol（十六烷醇），tetradecapeptide gastrin（十四肽胃泌素），octadecanoicacid（十八烷酸）

4．顏色及與顏色有關的前綴顏色通用名前綴示例色 color chrom-/chromo- chromosome/chromatin/chromatometer

紅 red erythro- erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/erythrometer

白 white leuko- leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira

黑 black melano- melena/melanoma/melanoderma

黃 yellow xantho- xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma

藍 blue cyan-/cyano cyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia

紫 violet/purple

綠 green

棕 brown brown mixture/brown ring

橙 orange Victoria orange/ethyl orange/orange G

粉紅 pink oink frothy sputum

緋紅 crimson

青銅 bronzed bronzed diabetes

注：有些病名的“藍”“紫”“青”為同義，其前綴都為“cyano-”.

5．與疾病和疾患有關的前（后）綴(1)含義前（后）綴形容詞示例

病 patho- pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis/-pathy -pathic neuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy

病態 -osis -otic neurosis/tuberculosis/schistosomiasis

增多 leukocytosis/erythrocytopenia/granulocytosis

減少 -penia -penicleukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/granulocytopenia

無 a-/an- atypical/anuria/agranulocytopenia

小/微 -letdroplet/platelet/leafletmicro- microscopy/microorganism/micronucleus

大/巨 macro-macroscopic/macronucleus/macrophage-megaly splenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatomegaly

復合/多 poly-polyuria/polymer/polyopia

全/泛 pan-pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemic

6．與疾病和疾患有關的前（后）綴(2)含義前（后）綴示例

相反 dis- disease/disorder/disability

困難/障礙 dys-dysfunction/dyspepsia/dyspnea

不良 mal- malfunction/malnutrition/malpractice

炎癥 -it is appendicitis/bronchitis/arthritis

瘤/塊 -oma lymphoma/adenoma/hematoma

血癥 -emia leukemia/septisemia/bacteremia

痛 -algia/-algesia/alge-/algo-analgesia/hypoalgesia/algometer

麻痹 -plegia hemipleia/pamplegia/myoplegia

流出 -rrhea diarrhea/hypermenorrhea/rhinorrhea

壞死 -necrosis necro-/necr- hepatonecrosis/myonecrosis/necrospermia

結石 litho-/-lith lithiasis/lithogenesis/cholelithes

7．與方位有關的前綴含義通用詞前綴示例

上 upper/superior pi-/supra-epidemic/epithelium/supracostal

下 lower/inferior nfra-/sub-infracostal/subclavicular/subcutaneous

前 front/anterior/prior fore-/ante- forehead/anteroposterior/precirrhosis/pre-

后 back/posterior post-/retro-posthepatic/postprandial/retrocardiac

內 inner/internal in-/endo-/ento-inhalation/endoscopy/entocranial

外 outer/external ex-/exo- extract/excretion/exocardial

間 between inter- intermuscular/intercostal/intercourse

旁/副 on the side ofpara- parathyroid/paraprotein/pararenal

周 around peri- perioperative/pericarditis/peritoneum

中心 central centri-/centra-centrifugation/centralize/centronucleus/centro-

反/對 oppositecounter-/contra- counterpart/countershock/contraindication

注：in vivo/in’vaivou/活體內;in vitro/invaitrou/活體外或試管內；in situ/in’saitju:/原位

8．與外科手術有關的前（后）綴含義前（后）綴示例

切除 -ectomy appendectomy/gastrectomy/splenectomy

切開 -tomy tracheotomy/hysterotomy/craniotomy

切（割） -tome tracheotome/thoracotome

吻合 -stomy duodenoenterostomy/gastroesophagostomy

成形術 -plasty tracheoplasty/osteoplasty/myoplasty

整（矯）形 ortho- orthopedics/orthopod/orthotherapy

造影 -graphy angiography/nephrography/phlebography

經… trans- transdominal/translateral/transurethral

注：ortho-也是“正”“原”的前綴，如：ortho-acid（正酸）-graphy為方法，如：electrocardigraphy 心電圖檢查術；graph為儀器，如：electrocardigraph心電圖機；gram為圖象，文字，如：electrocardiogram心電圖記錄。

9．與化學品有關的前（后）綴含義前（后）綴示例

酸鹽 ate sulfate/nitrate/acetate

醇 -ol alcohol/propanol/taxol

醛 -al retinal/methylal/propanal

酮 -one acetone/progesterone/ketone

糖 glyco- glycogenolysissaccharo- saccharomyces-saccharide polysaccharide

酶-ase reductase/transminase/kinase

素 -in penicillin/heparin/nuclein

原 -gen allogen/antigen/glycogen

苯基/酚 phen-/pheno-phenol/phenate/phenetidin

氨基 amino- aminobenzene/aminopherase/aminopyrine

10．與“作用”有關的前（后）綴含義前（后）綴示例

殺 -cide/-cidal insecticide/pesticide/bactericidal

抑 -stasis/-staticbacteriostasis/virostatic/tuberculostatic

驅逐 -fuge febrifuge/centrifuge

抗 -anti antibiotic/antimycotic/antimutagen

去/脫/除 de- dehydroprednisone/detergent/desensitization

回/再/復 re- reabsorb/reactivation/recombinant

冷凍 cryo- cryobiology/cryopreservation/cryoprotectant

否/去/分離 dis- disinfection/dissociate/dissection

向后/退行 retro-retrograde/retrosternal/retrocardiac

來自：醫學徐琦老師