知識(shí)點(diǎn)
Isomers
例題
Kerosene is used as an aircraft fuel. Q is one of the molecules in kerosene and has the skeletal formula shown.

Other structural isomers of this molecule are also found in kerosene.
Which structure is a structural isomers of Q?

解析
Answer: D
解析:
Structural isomer: compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae.
Q的skeletal formula數(shù)有幾個(gè)頂點(diǎn),即有幾個(gè)C. (共有10個(gè)頂點(diǎn),10個(gè)C),longest straight chain上有7個(gè)C, branch(從右往左數(shù))在C1 (methyl), C2 (methyl)和C4 (methyl)上

紅線部分為longest straight chain.
選項(xiàng)A也有10個(gè)頂點(diǎn),molecular formula相同;longest straight chain上(從左往右數(shù))有7個(gè)C, branch在C1 (methyl), C2 (methyl)和C4 (methyl)上,選項(xiàng)A和Q structural formula相同。
選項(xiàng)B有9個(gè)頂點(diǎn),molecular formula不同。
選項(xiàng)C有11個(gè)頂點(diǎn),molecular formula不同。
選項(xiàng)D有10個(gè)頂點(diǎn),molecular formula相同。longest straight chain上(從左往右數(shù))有7個(gè)C, branch在C2 (isopropyl)上,選項(xiàng)D和Q structural formula不同。
所以選D.
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(答案見(jiàn)下方)
Correct Answer: D
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