Molecular Polarity Assigning polarity to molecules There is a difference between?bond polarity?and?molecular polarity? To determine whether a molecule?is polar, the following things have to be take...
Predicting Shapes & Bond Angles Before you predict the shape of any molecule work out the Lewis structure to determine the number of bonding and lone pairs Apply the VSEPR rules and you should ...
Shapes of Molecules When an atom forms a covalent bond with another atom, the electrons in the different bonds and the non-bonding electrons in the outer shell all behave as negatively charged clou...
Resonance Structures The delocalization of electrons can explain the structures of some species that don’t seem to fit with a Lewis structure Delocalized electrons are electrons in a molecule, ion ...
Lewis Structures Lewis structures?are simplified electron shell diagrams and show pairs of electrons around atoms. A pair of electrons can be represented by dots, crosses, a combination of dots and...
Bond Polarity When two atoms in a covalent bond have the?same electronegativity?the covalent bond is?nonpolar The two chlorine atoms have identical electronegativities so the bonding electrons are ...
Covalent Bonds Covalent?bonding occurs between two?non-metals A covalent bond involves the?electrostatic?attraction?between nuclei of two atoms and the electrons of their outer shells No?electrons?...
Formulae & Names of Ionic Compounds Ionic?compounds?are formed from a?metal?and a?nonmetal?bonded together Ionic compounds are electrically neutral; the positive charges equal the negative char...
Ionic Lattices The ions form a?lattice?structure?which is an evenly distributed?crystalline?structure Ions in a lattice are arranged in a?regular?repeating?pattern?so that positive charges cancel o...
Forming Ions As a general rule,?metals?are on the?left?of the Periodic Table and?non-metals?are on the?right-hand?side Ionic?bonds?involve the?transfer?of electrons from a?metallic?element to a?non...
Halogens The halogens These are the group 17 non-metals that are?poisonous?and include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and astatine Halogens are?diatomic, meaning they form molecules of?two?ato...
Alkali Metals The group 1 metals The group 1 metals are called the?alkali metals?because they form?alkaline solutions?with high pH values when reacted with water Group 1 metals are lithium, sodium,...
