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EDEXCEL IGCSE CHEMISTRY: DOUBLE SCIENCE 復(fù)習(xí)筆記：4.3.2 Halogens & Alkanes

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EDEXCEL IGCSE CHEMISTRY: DOUBLE SCIENCE 復(fù)習(xí)筆記：4.3.2 Halogens & Alkanes

Halogens & Alkanes

In a substitution reaction, one atom is swapped with another atom
Alkanes undergo a substitution reaction with halogens in the presence of ultraviolet radiation

In the presence of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, methane reacts with bromine in a substitution reaction

?The equation for the reaction is

CH₄?+ Br₂?→ CH₃Br + HBr

methane + bromine → bromomethane + hydrogen bromide

Chlorine will also react with alkanes to form chloromethane

CH₄?+ Cl₂?→ CH₃Cl?+ HCl

methane + chlorine → chloromethane + hydrogen chloride

The products belong to a family called halogenoalkanes or haloalkanes
Halogenoalkanes have many uses a solvents, refrigerants, propellants and pharmaceuticals

Exam Tip

CFC stands for chlorofluorocarbon, an important class of halogenoalkanes, previously used in fridges and air conditioners, but gradually being phased out because of the damage they cause to the ozone layer.

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