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CIE A Level Chemistry復(fù)習(xí)筆記3.5.2 Reactions of Aldehydes & Ketones

Category: A-level課程, 教材筆記, 福利干貨 Date: 2022年8月12日 下午5:34

Reactions of Aldehydes & Ketones

Reduction of aldehyde & ketones

  • Aldehydes?and?ketones?can be reduced by reducing agents such as NaBH4?or LiAlH4
  • Aldehydes are reduced to?primary alcohols
  • Ketones are reduced to?secondary alcohols

3.4-Hydroxy-Compounds-Reduction_1

Reduction of aldehydes and ketones to form primary and secondary alcohols

Nucleophilic addition with HCN

  • Aldehydes and ketones can undergo?nucleophilic addition?with?hydrogen?cyanide, HCN
  • The cyanide ion, CN-, acts as a nucleophile and adds across the C-O bond
  • Aldehydes and ketones react with HCN, KCN as catalyst and heat to produce?hydroxynitriles
    • Hydroxynitriles are nitriles containing a hydroxy, -OH, group

3.5-Carbonyl-Compounds-Nucleophilic-Addition

Nucleophilic addition to ethanal (aldehyde) and propanone (ketone)

Exam Tip

The nucleophilic addition of HCN to an aldehyde or ketone increases the length of the carbon chain by one carbon atom!

 

 

 

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