CIE A Level Chemistry復(fù)習(xí)筆記1.7.7 Acids & Bases
Common Acids
- An?acid?is a substance that?neutralises?a base forming a?salt?and?water:
2HCl(aq) + CaO(s) ? CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l)
acid??????????????????????????????? salt
Acids react with bases to form salt and water
- Acids are also substances that release?hydrogen ions?when they dissolve in water:
HCl(g) → H+(aq) + Cl-?(aq)
Acids dissociate in water to release a hydrogen ion
Names & formulae of some common acids table
- In organic acids (such as carboxylic acids) only some of the hydrogen atoms can form ions when the acid dissociates
Common Alkalis
- A?base?is a compound that?neutralises?an acid forming a?salt?and?water
2HCl(aq) + CaO(s) ? CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l)
base? ? ? ? ? salt
- A base is a substance that?accepts?hydrogen ions or a compound that contains?oxide?or?hydroxide?ions
- For example:
NH3(g) + H2O(l) → NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq)
base? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? hydroxide ions
For example:
NaOH(s) + aq → Na+(aq) + OH-(aq)
base? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? hydroxide ions
- A base that is?soluble?in water is called an?alkali
Names & formulae of some common alkalis table
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