• Temperature?is a measure of how hot or cold objects are
• Temperature also determines the direction in which thermal energy will flow between two objects (or between an object and its surroundings)
• When thermal energy is exchanged, the objects (or systems) involved are said to have a?thermal interaction
• The thermal energy exchanged during a thermal interaction is referred to as?heat
• During a thermal interaction:
  • Thermal energy always flows from the hotter object to the colder object
  • The energy transfer continues until the two objects are in?thermal equilibrium?(i.e. they both have the same temperature)
  • Thermal energy can be transferred via?conduction,?convection?or?radiation

• Temperature is a?scalar?quantity and it is measured using a?thermometer
• It is measured in?degrees Celsius?(°C) or?kelvin?(K)
  • The kelvin is the?SI base unit?for temperature

• The temperature of an object is a?macroscopic?measure of the?average kinetic energy?of the particles (atoms or molecules) that make up the object

Absolute temperature

• Absolute temperature?is temperature measured in kelvin (K)
• Absolute zero?is a temperature of zero kelvin (0 K) and corresponds to the temperature at which the?average?kinetic energy?of the molecules?is at its?minimum
• The conversion between the Kelvin and the Celsius scale is given by:

T(K) = T(°C) + 273.15

• It is important to notice that?differences in absolute temperatures correspond to differences in Celsius temperatures

ΔT(K) = ΔT(°C)

• • Where?ΔT?stands for?temperature change

• The?absolute temperature?of a body is?directly proportional to the average kinetic energy of the molecules?within the body

The ice point is determined by placing a thermometer in a beaker containing melting ice, while the steam point is determined by placing the thermometer in a beaker with boiling water

Step 1: State a reasonable value for room temperature in degree Celsius (°C)

room temperature (°C) ~ 20°C

Step 2: Write down the conversion between Celsius scale and Kelvin scale

T(K) = T(°C) + 273.15

Step 3: Convert the room temperature value and express it in kelvin (K)

room temperature (K) ~ 293 K