IB DP Chemistry: SL復(fù)習(xí)筆記4.3.2 Deducing Intermolecular Forces

Category: IB課程, 教材筆記, 福利干貨 Date: 2022年8月4日上午11:47

Deducing Intermolecular Forces

In order to deduce the types of?intermolecular forces?present in molecules you need information about the structure and chemical formula of the molecules
The chemical formula will tell you about the presence of?electronegative?elements present in the molecule
- Any potential polar bonds can be identified
- If N, O or F is present then hydrogen bonds are potentially possible
The structure and symmetry of the molecule will enable you to determine if the molecule is polar following the principles laid out in?4.1.10 Molecular Polarity

Worked Example

Which of the compounds below can form intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the liquid state?

A. (CH₃CH₂)₃N

B. CH₃OCH₃

C. CCl4

D. C₂H₅OH

Answer:

The correct option is?D.

- Draw the displayed structures of the molecules:

4.1.13-Worked-example-answer

- Molecules?A?and?B?form dipole-dipole attractions as they are polar molecules
- Molecule?C?forms dispersion forces as the dipoles cancel out so there is no overall polarity
- Molecule?D?is the only one capable of forming hydrogen bonds

Exam Tip

Sometimes a question will ask you to name all the IMFs present in molecules and students frequently forget to include dispersion forces which are present in all molecules, since everything contain electrons!

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