IB DP Chemistry: SL復(fù)習(xí)筆記1.1.3 State Changes

Category: IB課程, 教材筆記, 福利干貨 Date: 2022年8月3日下午6:15

State Changes

Changes of state are?physical changes?that are reversible
These changes do not change the chemical properties or chemical makeup of the substances involved
Vaporization?includes?evaporation?and?boiling
Evaporation?involves the change of liquid to gas, but unlike boiling,?evaporation?occurs only at the surface and takes place at temperatures below the?boiling point
Boiling?occurs at a specific temperature and takes place when the?vapour pressure?reaches the external atmospheric pressure

1.1.3-States-of-Matter

State Changes

The relationship between temperature and energy during state changes can be represented graphically

1.1.3-The-Relationship-Between-Temperature-Energy-During-State-Changes

The relationship between temperature and energy during state changes

Between 1 & 2, the particles are vibrating and gaining?kinetic energy?and?the temperature rises
Between 2 & 3, all the energy goes into breaking bonds – there is?no?increase in?kinetic energy?or?temperature
Between 3 & 4, the particles are moving around and gaining in?kinetic energy
Between 4 & 5, the substance is boiling, so bonds are breaking and there is?no?increase in?kinetic energy?or?temperature
From 5 & 6, the particles are moving around rapidly and increasing in?kinetic energy

Exam Tip

Be careful to match the bond breaking or making processes to the flow of energy during state changes. Remember that to?break?bonds, energy is always?needed?to overcome the?forces of attraction?between the particles

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