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Edexcel IGCSE Geography 復習筆記 2.3.1 Conflict at the Coast

Category: IGCSE課程, 國際課程, 教材筆記, 福利干貨 Date: 2022年7月22日下午5:36

Edexcel IGCSE Geography 復習筆記 2.3.1 Conflict at the Coast

Conflict Between Development & Conservation

Careful management of coastal regions is necessary to ensure?sustainability
Coastal environments are used for a variety of purposes:
- Development?
  - Homes
  - Shops
  - Hotels
  - Roads
  - Schools
  - Restaurants etc.
- Nature reserves
- Industry
- Fishing and aquaculture
- Tourism
- Agriculture
- Ports and harbours
These different activities bring people and ecosystems into conflict
In other words there is?competition for space
Conflict arises when coastal development is given a higher priority than coastal conservation

Exam Tip

Make sure you consider all the options here. Conflict resolution can be achieved by a mix of strategies, but achieving this is not always straightforward. Therefore, you need to be able to debate this.

Conflict Between Coastal Users

Conflicts between coastal users are referred to as conflicts between?stakeholders
It is important to note that wildlife are also considered a stakeholder
- Wildlife want an unpolluted, safe and quiet environment
- Local residents want jobs, clean beaches, affordable housing, jobs, schools
- Tourists want beaches, hotels, B&Bs, entertainment, holiday homes, marinas
- Employers want building space, offices, factories
- Developers want areas by the sea for tourists - hotels, duplexes, golf courses
- Fishermen want harbours, unpolluted waters, ease of access to the sea
- Farmers want well-drained land, sheltered from prevailing winds
- Government and Councils want to build offshore wind farms, coastal defences
- Transport companies want good road networks, well-connected ports and terminal
The needs of different stakeholders can often conflict with one another as they all compete for the same resources

? ? ??Relationship between Stakeholders and Coastal Zone Issues

Stakeholder Activity	Consequences	Outcomes
Agriculture	Fertiliser and pesticide over use, increased livestock density, over water abstraction, animal waste disposal,?land reclamation	Species and habitat loss,?eutrophication, water pollution,?coastal squeeze
Urbanisation and Transport	Change of land use (car parks, ports etc.) waste disposal, pollution, water abstraction, hard road surfaces	Increased flooding, congestion, pollution, loss of habitats, increase in weeds and invasive species
Tourism and Recreation	Harbours, marinas, waste disposal, fuel spillages, change of land use, water abstraction, effluent disposal	Congestion and pollution (noise, light, visual, aroma), loss of habitats, loss of species, litter and fuel spills
Fisheries and Aquaculture	Ports, fish processing facilities, trawlers, road networks, lorries, fishing gear, fish farm pollution, water abstraction	Overfishing, pollution on beaches, habitat damage, water pollution, aroma, visual and noise pollution from trawlers, increased sea gull activity
Industry	Land use change, change in tidal range, power stations (nuclear and gas), natural resource extraction, road networks, cooling water/abstraction, waste pollution - chemical, biological, nuclear etc.	Thermal pollution, habitat destruction, change and loss, water eutrophication, water pollution, visual eyesore

The level of conflict varies depending on who and what the needs are
This can be shown in a conflict matrix

conflict-matrixx-1

Conflict Matrix?

Exam Tip

A conflict matrix is just one way to display information & is subjective in its response. You may not agree with the above levels of conflict, that is fine, so long as you can justify why you disagree or agree.

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