• When two or more resistors are connected in series, the?total?(or?combined)?resistance?is equal to the?sum?of their individual resistances
• For example, for three resistors of resistance?R_1,?R₂?and?R₃, the total resistance can be calculated using:

• Where?R?is the total resistance, in Ohms (Ω)
• Increasing the number of resistors?increases?the overall resistance, as the charge now has?more?resistors to pass through
• The?total?voltage?is also the?sum?of the voltages across each of the?individual?resistors
  • In a?series?circuit, the voltage of the power supply is?shared?between all components

   

Three resistors connected in series. The total voltage is the sum of the individual voltages, and the total resistance is the sum of the three individual resistances

ANSWER:? C

Step 1: Write down the equation for the combined resistance in series

R?=?R₁?+?R₂?+?R₃

Step 2: Substitute the values for total resistance?R?and the other resistors

60 Ω = 30 Ω +?R₂?+ 10 Ω

Step 3: Rearrange for?R₂

R₂?= 60 Ω – 30 Ω – 10 Ω =?20 Ω

Part (a)

Step 1: Recall that current is conserved in a series circuit

• • Since current is conserved in a series circuit, it is the?same size?if measured anywhere in the series loop
  • This means that since the cell supplies 2 A to the circuit, the current is 2 A everywhere
  • Therefore,?2 A?flows through the fixed resistor

   

Part (b)

Step 1: List the known quantities

• • Current?I =?2 A
  • Resistance?R =?4 Ω

   

Step 2: State the equation linking potential difference, resistance and current

• • The equation linking potential difference, resistance and current is:

   

V = IR

Step 3: Substitute the known values into the equation and calculate the potential difference

V =?2 × 4 = 8 V

• • Therefore, the voltmeter reads?8 V?across the fixed resistor

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