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AQA A Level Physics復(fù)習(xí)筆記7.3.2 Energy of an Orbiting Satellite

Category: A-level課程, 教材筆記, 福利干貨 Date: 2022年7月12日 下午3:30

Energy of an Orbiting Satellite

 

  • An orbiting satellite follows a circular path around a planet
  • Just like an object moving in circular motion, it has both kinetic energy (KE)?and?gravitational potential energy (GPE) and its?total?energy is always?constant
  • An orbiting satellite's total energy is calculated by:

Total energy = Kinetic energy + Gravitational potential energy

  • This means that the satellite's KE and GPE are also both constant in a particular orbit
    • If the orbital radius of a satellite?decreases?its KE?increases?and its GPE?decreases
    • If the orbital radius of a satellite?increases?its KE?decreases?and its GPE?increases

     

7.3.2-Energy-of-Orbiting-Satellite

At orbit Y, the satellite has greater GPE and less KE than at at orbit X

 

  • A satellite is placed in two orbits,?X and Y, around Earth
  • At orbit X, where the radius of orbit?r?is smaller, the satellite has a:
    • Larger gravitational force on it
    • Higher speed
    • Higher KE
    • Lower GPE
    • Shorter orbital?time period,?T

     

  • At orbit Y, where the radius of orbit?r?is larger, the satellite has a:
    • Smaller gravitational force on it
    • Smaller speed
    • Lower KE
    • Higher GPE
    • Longer orbital time period,?T

     

Worked Example

Two satellites A and B, of equal mass, orbit a planet at radii?R?and?3R?respectively. Which one of the following statements is incorrect?

A? ?A has more kinetic energy and less potential energy than B

B? ?A has a shorter time period and travels faster than?B

C? ?B has less kinetic energy and more potential energy than A

D? ?B has a longer time period and travels faster than A

ANSWER:? ? D

  • Since B is at a larger orbital radius (3R?instead of?R) it has a longer time period since?T2?∝ R3?for an orbiting satellite
  • However, satellite B will travel much slower than A
  • Its larger orbital radius means the force of gravity will be much lower for B than for A

Exam Tip

If you can't remember which way around the kinetic and potential energy increases and decreases, think about the velocity of a satellite at different orbits.When it is orbiting close to a planet, it experiences a larger gravitational pull and therefore orbits faster.Since the kinetic energy is proportional to v2, it, therefore, has higher kinetic energy closer to the planet. To keep the total energy constant, the potential energy must decrease too.

 

 

轉(zhuǎn)載自savemyexams

 

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