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AQA A Level Chemistry復習筆記5.5.1 Br?nsted–Lowry Acid & Bases

Category: A-level課程, 教材筆記, 福利干貨 Date: 2022年6月27日 下午3:22

Br?nsted–Lowry Acid & Bases

 

  • A?Br?nsted acid?is a species that can donate a proton
    • For example, hydrogen chloride (HCl) is a Br?nsted acid as it can lose a proton to form a hydrogen (H+) and chloride (Cl-) ion

     

HCl (aq) → H+?(aq) + Cl-?(aq)

  • A?Br?nsted base?is a species that can accept a proton
    • For example, a hydroxide (OH-) ion is a Br?nsted base as it can accept a proton to form water

     

OH-?(aq) + H+?(aq) → H2O (l)

Weak acids dissociating

  • In an equilibrium reaction, the products are formed at the same rate as the reactants are used
  • This means that at equilibrium, both reactants and products are present in the solution
  • For example, ethanoic acid (CH3COOH) is a weak acid that partially dissociates in solution
  • When equilibrium is established there are CH3COOH, H2O, CH3COO-?and H3O+?ions present in the solution
  • The species that can?donate?a proton are?acids?and the species that can?accept?a proton are?bases

CH3COOH (aq)? ?+? H2O (l)? ? ?? CH3COO-?(aq)? ? ?+? ?H3O+?(aq)

acid? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?base? ? ? ? ? ? conjugate base? ? ? conjugate acid

  • The reactant CH3COOH is linked to the product CH3COO-?by the transfer of a?proton?from the acid (CH3COOH) to the base (CH3COO-)
  • Similarly, the H2O molecule is linked to H3O+?ion by the transfer of a proton
  • These pairs are therefore called?conjugate acid-base pairs
  • A?conjugate acid-base pair?is two species that are different from each other by an H+?ion
    • Conjugate?here means related
    • In other words, the acid and base are related to each other by one proton difference

     

Worked Example

Identify the acid-base conjugate pairs in the following reactions:

  1. HCO3-?(aq) + H2O (l) ?CO32-?(aq) + H3O+?(aq)
  2. HCO3-?(aq) + H3O+(aq) ? CO2?(g) + H2O (l) + H2O (l)
  3. H2SO4?(aq) + HNO3?(aq) ? HSO4-?(aq) + NO2+?(aq) + H2O (l)
  4. HSO4-?(aq) + OH-?(aq) ? SO42-?(aq) + H2O (l)

Answers

The pairs in the order acid/base are:

    1. HCO3-?and CO32-?; H3O+?and H2O
    2. H3O+?and H2O ;??(CO2?+ H2O) and HCO3-
    3. H2SO4?and HSO4-??;?(NO2+?+ H2O) and HNO3
    4. HSO4-?and SO42-?; H2O and OH-

     

Exam Tip

You can see from No. 2 and 3, that conjugate acid-base pairs can consist of more than one species

 

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