A-LEVEL系列又出干貨啦,今天為大家送上的是A-LEVEL數(shù)學(xué)——微積分之切線法線。
1、?Two forms of Equation of?lines(直線方程的兩種常見形式):
a. Point-slope Form of a line(點(diǎn)斜式):
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m?is called slope?or?gradient of?this?line,
is?any?point?on this line.
M是直線的斜率,
是這條直線上任意一點(diǎn)。
b. Slope-Intercept Form of a line(斜截式):
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The graph of the function is a line whose slope is m?and ?y-intercept is (0, b).
直線的斜率是m,y截距為b。
兩種形式的直線方程在本質(zhì)上都可以代表某條直線,只是表現(xiàn)形式不同,點(diǎn)斜式適合已知一個(gè)點(diǎn)與直線斜率的情況,斜截式可以一眼看出直線的斜率與截距。
中國同學(xué)普遍對斜截式更熟悉,在微積分的體系內(nèi),求直線方程的時(shí)候點(diǎn)斜式會更便捷。
2. Tangent lines & normal lines(切線與法線)

The normal to a curve at a particular point is the straight line which is at?right angles to the tangent at that point,for perpendicular lines, m1m2 = ?1.
曲線上某點(diǎn)的法線的斜率與通過該點(diǎn)的切線垂直,兩條直線垂直,斜率的乘積為-1。
切線方程
Find?the?equation?of?the?tangent?line?on?f(x) at?x=x?,求過函數(shù)f(x)圖像上某點(diǎn)x?切線方程。

m?is the gradient of this point, which could be determined by derivative.
m?是圖像上在x為x?時(shí)的切線斜率,可通過求導(dǎo)來求出該點(diǎn)的斜率。
法線方程
Find?the?equation?of?the?normal?line?on?f(x)?at?x=x?,過函數(shù)f(x)圖像上某點(diǎn)x?線方程。

兩條直線垂直,斜率的乘積為-1,所以法線的斜率是切線斜率的負(fù)倒數(shù)。
Example 1 (求切線)


Example 2(求法線)



以上A-LEVEL微積分之切線法線題同學(xué)們都理解了嘛?

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