修辭表達是ACT閱讀文章中一個重要的特點,也是很多文章考察的重點,對于比較簡單的比喻,大部分同學還是沒有問題的。但是,只要遇到稍微復雜一點的修辭性的語言,很多同學就會覺得束手無策,花很長時間糾結,導致耽誤了其他的做題時間。
備考ACT閱讀,你不可不知道的考點技巧!那么,今天我們就給大家講一下在ACT閱讀中經常出現的幾種修辭表達,讓大家以后遇到這樣的表達可以從容應對。
1. Simile 明喻&類比Analogy
明喻是將具有共性的不同事物作對比,這種共性存在于人們的心里,而不是事物的自然屬性。
它的目的有兩個:1)使描寫更形象具體;2)比較兩個事物的相似性。
標志詞常用:like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as 等。
(1)? I wandered lonely as a stay dog.(突出我和流浪狗一樣孤獨)
(2) Einstein likes to put a cloak on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. (突出愛因斯坦像童話里一樣,有個美好的形象)
(3) So compared with any ordinary beam of light, the laser beam is a very orderly affair indeed. It is like a military march-everyone in step. In an ordinary beam, the waves are like the people in a crowd going to a football match, jostling and bumping into one another.(突出激光像軍隊一樣整潔,普通光像足球場的人般混亂)
(4) He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen for him to crow.(突出他像一個自我以為是的公雞)
Analogy類比,我們可以看成是一種高階的比喻,它指的是是兩個不同事物之間在多種抽象品質方面的共性。有時候會有just as...so作為標志詞,有時候沒有特別明顯的標志詞。
(1)Just as French people enjoy their wine, so the British enjoy their beer.(體現了法國人對于紅酒的熱愛和英國人對于啤酒的熱愛)
在ACT閱讀中,有時候有原文是由明確的明瑜現象出現,這些地方通常情況下也是會出題的地方,比如,題目經常會考到具體把誰比作誰,或者這個比喻是想突出被比喻者什么樣的特點或者情感。一般同學們遇到明喻理解起來不會很難。但是,有時候,原文中出現了類比時,通常同學們理解起來就會有些吃力,從而題目做得不是很好。
2. Parallelism 平行 &Antithesis 反襯
平行是指在特定的語境中,將相同的結構,相同意義詞或者語氣一致的幾個詞,詞組或者句子排列成串,形成一個整體。使語言有力流暢,達到強調突出的目的。
(1) We will never parley; we will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang.
(2) That is our policy and that is our declaration.
(3) They vanish from a world where they were of no consequence, where they achieved nothing, where they were a mistake and a failure and a foolishness.
在平行句式里,如果把結構對稱但是意義對立的兩個詞甚至多個詞并列在一起,就形成新的修辭格,即反襯。反襯一般會形成強烈的對比。
(1) They vanish from a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever.
(2) The Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below.
(3) The coward does it with a kiss, the brave man with a sword.
在ACT閱讀中,平行結構和反襯都會考到。
備考復習,我有真題,真題在手,考試不愁
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