經(jīng)濟(jì)essay寫作指導(dǎo)

Essay一直以來(lái)都是讓中國(guó)學(xué)生頭大的存在，很多學(xué)生覺得自己明明完全清楚題目中的知識(shí)點(diǎn)，但是最終得到的分?jǐn)?shù)卻不盡如人意。因此把握essay的答題思路，理清e(cuò)ssay結(jié)構(gòu)就顯得尤為重要。
今天和同學(xué)們分享一道AS部分microeconomics的essay。（Edexcel考局）ExtractA Step1、審題+結(jié)構(gòu)確定

正如中文寫作一樣，essay審題是最基本、最重要的環(huán)節(jié)。
必須搞清楚題目需要你回答的到底是什么，才能保證自己的答案在不偏離主題的前提下更全面、豐滿。因此，各位同學(xué)在拿到essay題目之后一定要首先花時(shí)間研讀，磨刀不誤砍柴工。

回到這一題上來(lái)，這一題是讓我們從external costs的角度來(lái)分析nuclear power is over-produced or under-provided。并且題中明確要求用diagram，因此我們需要在答案中畫出準(zhǔn)確的圖像并對(duì)其進(jìn)行解釋。
在進(jìn)行完審題這一步驟之后，我們可以從knowledge, application和analysis三個(gè)方面給自己的essay設(shè)置一個(gè)框架結(jié)構(gòu)。

這一題的結(jié)構(gòu)我們可以分為以下三個(gè)部分：
1. relevant knowledge about external cost with diagrams+ possible reasons analysis related to Extract C
2. Taking the external cost as well as Extracts into consideration, to confirm whether it is over-produced or under-produced and further discuss the possible cause and impacts
3. Further conclusion

Step2、正式寫作

■ Part 1、relevant knowledge of external cost
Firstly，you have to explain the definition of external costs as well as draw a correct and clear diagram. Make sure that every elements should be included especially the welfare loss. Secondly，you have to employ analysis of the external cost of nuclear power according to the Extracts.
For example:
? Risk of nuclear accident – local schools and businesses close, impact on property prices.
? High doses of nuclear radiation leaks increase the risk of cancer – loss of family income, employment, contribution to local economy, costs to NHS.
? Cost of storage for future generations – opportunity cost of resources (land) tied to this, resulting in loss of income to farmers for example.
? Opportunity cost of subsidies to nuclear industry, subsidy cuts to solar businesses.

■ Part2、Discuss whether it is over or under produced
In this part you have to take both its own external cost as well as its substitutes into consideration as mentioned in the extracts. An pay attention to both breadth and depth of your analysis.
For its external cost, it may be over-produced, but for the costs of its substitutes, it may be under-produced. You have to analyse both according to the Extracts.
Taking the costs of substitutes as an example：
Reduced external costs in production of substitutes/external benefits may mean it is under-produced:
? Curb greenhouse gas emissions which are causing climate change, by using nuclear, resulting in less flooding or storm damage reducing insurance costs to businesses. Extract C
? Building new nuclear reactors allow positive local economic effects from job creation.
? Provide ‘a(chǎn)ffordable energy’ helping businesses stay open thus protecting jobs and ending fuel poverty resulting in lower demands for health care.Other evaluation points might include:
? Magnitude – depends on relative size of external cost.
? Measurement difficult – putting a value on external costs.
? Energy efficiency measures more preferable.
? Short term/long term costs and benefits.
Part 3、Further Conclusion
You have to make a deep conclusion according to or your analysis above to make your essay more organized and considered.

---

如有疑問

歡迎掃碼聯(lián)系下方翰林擇校顧問

免費(fèi)領(lǐng)取備考資料大禮包