2017英特爾ISEF獲獎(jiǎng)作品摘要 數(shù)學(xué) Intel Finalist Abstract Mathematics

獲獎(jiǎng)作品基本信息

年份	2017
學(xué)科	數(shù)學(xué) Mathematics
國(guó)家/州	United States of America

獲獎(jiǎng)作品名稱

A Participant-Specific Estimate of Expected Organ Quality in Kidney Paired Donation

獲獎(jiǎng)作品摘要

Patients with end-stage renal disease may receive a kidney transplant from a deceased or living donor. However, kidney transplants are time-sensitive and not all kidneys have the same expected lifetime. A tool that can tell doctors which kidney offers the greatest expected lifetime can increase a patient’s chance of survival. The Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI) and the Living Kidney Donor Profile Index (LKDPI) are scoring systems used to describe the quality (expected lifetime) of a deceased-donor and living-donor kidneys, respectively. Currently, there exists no means to determine a patient’s expected outcomes in a kidney paired donation (KPD) system. This project creates a framework for computing the expected LKDPI, or quality, of the kidney that a patient in a KPD system would receive, as well as how long it will take to get matched in KPD. Estimates for a given pair were generated using Monte Carlo simulation based on 1) published donor/patient data describing the distribution of donors and patients that enter and exit a US KPD system and 2) the UNOS KPD matching policy. Computations for a single pair can take days, so a pre-processing scheme is necessary. Different sampling methods were created and compared based on total computational time and the error in calculating kidney quality and time to match. With accurate sampling, doctors can have instantaneous access to valuable insight regarding a patient’s expected outcome in a KPD system.

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高中生科研學(xué)術(shù)活動(dòng) 英特爾 Intel ISEF 簡(jiǎn)介

英特爾國(guó)際科學(xué)與工程大獎(jiǎng)賽，簡(jiǎn)稱 "ISEF"，由美國(guó) Society for Science and the Public（科學(xué)和公共服務(wù)協(xié)會(huì)）主辦，英特爾公司冠名贊助，是全球規(guī)模最大、等級(jí)最高的中學(xué)生的科研科創(chuàng)賽事。ISEF 的學(xué)術(shù)活動(dòng)學(xué)科包括了所有數(shù)學(xué)、自然科學(xué)、工程的全部領(lǐng)域和部分社會(huì)科學(xué)。ISEF 素有全球青少年科學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)活動(dòng)的“世界杯”之美譽(yù)，旨在鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生團(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)作，開(kāi)拓創(chuàng)新，長(zhǎng)期專一深入地研究自己感興趣的課題。

學(xué)科簡(jiǎn)介：數(shù)學(xué) Mathematics

The study of the measurement, properties, and relationships of quantities and sets, using numbers and symbols. The deductive study of numbers, geometry, and various abstract constructs, or structures.

Subcategories:

Algebra?(ALB):?The study of algebraic operations and/or relations and the structures which arise from them. An example is given by (systems of) equations which involve polynomial functions of one or more variables.

Analysis?(ANL):?The study of infinitesimal processes in mathematics, typically involving the concept of a limit. This begins with differential and integral calculus, for functions of one or several variables, and includes differential equations.

Combinatorics, Graph Theory, and Game Theory?(CGG):?The study of combinatorial structures in mathematics, such as finite sets, graphs, and games, often with a view toward classification and/or enumeration.

Geometry and Topology?(GEO):?The study of the shape, size, and other properties of figures and spaces. Includes such subjects as Euclidean geometry, non-Euclidean geometries (spherical, hyperbolic, Riemannian, Lorentzian), and knot theory (classification of knots in 3-space).

Number Theory?(NUM):?The study of the arithmetic properties of integers and related topics such as cryptography.

Probability and Statistics?(PRO):?Mathematical study of random phenomena and the study of statistical tools used to analyze and interpret data.

Other?(OTH):?Studies that cannot be assigned to one of the above subcategories. If the project involves multiple subcategories, the principal subcategory should be chosen instead of Other.