2017英特爾ISEF獲獎(jiǎng)作品摘要 地球與環(huán)境科學(xué) Intel Finalist Abstract Earth and Environmental Sciences

獲獎(jiǎng)作品基本信息

年份	2017
學(xué)科	地球與環(huán)境科學(xué) Earth and Environmental Sciences
國(guó)家/州	United States of America

獲獎(jiǎng)作品名稱

Using Dropsonde Descending Speed to Determine Vertical Air Velocity in a Hurricane

獲獎(jiǎng)作品摘要

The objective of this project is to derive the vertical air currents in hurricanes using a physics-based model to describe the dropsonde fall speed in still air. By assuming that the dropsonde falls at terminal velocity and in a vertical disposition in still air, a physics model can be constructed to calculate the still air fall speed. The vertical air velocity is the difference between the actual fall speed of the dropsonde and its fall speed in still air.?

The drag coefficient for calculating terminal velocity was determined empirically by searching for the best-fit fall speed in an altitude range that can be approximated as still air. For this entire project, I wrote MATLAB codes for model calculation, data analyses, and graphics. All data was taken from publicly available online sources (i.e. NOAA) or was provided by the Naval Research Lab in Monterey.?

A total of 291 dropsonde measurements of Hurricane Joaquin were analyzed. The terminal velocity model fit 260 of them, or about 89%. The resultant drag coefficients from each sounding were used to derive the vertical air velocity from each sounding.??

Two factors affecting the accuracy of the derived vertical velocity were also examined -- the range of altitudes used to optimize the drag coefficient to simulate the drop speed in still air and the tilting and tumbling of the dropsonde that change the vertical cross-section area. It was found that large errors may be associated with cases with extreme winds in the hurricane, while the majority of the cases show consistent drag coefficients throughout the measurement depth. Soundings in close proximity to each other also show consistent features of updraft and downdraft, indicating that the derived vertical velocity is physically consistent.

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ISEF 簡(jiǎn)介

英特爾國(guó)際科學(xué)與工程大獎(jiǎng)賽，簡(jiǎn)稱 "ISEF"，由美國(guó) Society for Science and the Public（科學(xué)和公共服務(wù)協(xié)會(huì)）主辦，英特爾公司冠名贊助，是全球規(guī)模最大、等級(jí)最高的中學(xué)生的科研科創(chuàng)賽事。ISEF 的學(xué)術(shù)活動(dòng)學(xué)科包括了所有數(shù)學(xué)、自然科學(xué)、工程的全部領(lǐng)域和部分社會(huì)科學(xué)。ISEF 素有全球青少年科學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)活動(dòng)的“世界杯”之美譽(yù)，旨在鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生團(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)作，開(kāi)拓創(chuàng)新，長(zhǎng)期專一深入地研究自己感興趣的課題。

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英特爾 ISEF 全程指導(dǎo)方案

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學(xué)科簡(jiǎn)介：地球與環(huán)境科學(xué)

Category: Earth and Environmental Sciences

Studies of the environment and its effect on organisms/systems, including investigations of biological processes such as growth and life span, as well as studies of Earth systems and their evolution.

Subcategories:

Atmospheric Science?(AIR):?The study of the Earth's atmosphere, its processes, the effects other systems have on the atmosphere, and the effects of the atmosphere on these other systems as well as meteorological investigations.?Further investigation in this field relates to atmospheric chemistry, atmospheric physics, atmospheric changes (both long and short-term) that define average climates and their change over time, and upper layers of the atmosphere, where dissociation and ionization are important.

Climate Science?(CLI):?Studies of Earth’s climate, particularly evidential study of climate change over a period of time.? This field studies long-term trends in average meteorological conditions and changes in these averaged conditions from season to season, year to year, decade to decade.

Environmental Effects on Ecosystems?(ECS):?Studies of the impact of environmental changes (natural or as a result of human interaction) on ecosystems, including empirical pollution studies.

Geosciences?(GES):?Studies of Earth’s land processes, including mineralogy, plate tectonics, volcanism, and sedimentology.

Water Science?(WAT):?Studies of Earth’s water systems, including water resources, movement, distribution, and water quality.?This field includes the occurrence, movement, abundance, distribution, and quality of subsurface waters and related geologic aspects of surface waters. Furthermore, it projects may also address water from the moment of precipitation until it evaporates into the atmosphere or is discharged into the ocean; for example, river systems and the impacts of flooding.

Other?(OTH):?Studies that cannot be assigned to one of the above subcategories. If the project involves multiple subcategories, the principal subcategory should be chosen instead of Other.