An increased number of young people have applied for positions in restoration and conservation of cultural heritage at the Palace Museum over the past four years, Shan Jixiang, the former curator of the museum said on Wednesday.
截至發(fā)稿,微博話題#名牌大學(xué)碩士以上才有機會修故宮#的閱讀量已經(jīng)突破4.2億,參與討論人數(shù)達6.8萬。
這一話題登上熱搜榜的原因還要從本周三故宮學(xué)院院長單霽翔在北京發(fā)表的一場主題演講說起。他在演講中表示,四年來,報考來故宮修文物的年輕人越來越多。
Only 88 applicants were admitted out of more than 40,000 candidates this year, Shan noted, adding that only those with a master's degree from prestigious universities are qualified to sit the recruitment examination as requirements for applicants become stricter amid fierce competition.
Shan said he was happy with the increasing number of young visitors to the museum thanks to its innovative attempts to promote itself, as well as the Chinese culture, over the years.
"From January to March, the daily number of visitors to the Palace Museum surpassed 80,000, despite the off-season period,"?Shan noted, adding that "over 50 percent of the visitors are young people under the age of 30."
單院長表示,今年故宮從4萬多位應(yīng)征者中招聘了88名新員工。
“經(jīng)過抬高門檻,名牌大學(xué)碩士以上才能報名,1.7萬人參加了考試,”單院長說道。
單院長恐怕沒想到,此話一出,“來故宮修文物”的報考條件馬上成為了網(wǎng)友熱議的焦點。畢竟隨著《我在故宮修文物》這一紀錄片的大熱,故宮的文物修復(fù)師成為了炙手可熱的“網(wǎng)紅”職業(yè),想從事這一行業(yè)的年輕人也越來越多。
學(xué)歷就代表能力?有網(wǎng)友質(zhì)疑故宮對于文物修復(fù)師的招聘要求是否一味追求高學(xué)歷,而對手藝的傳承失去應(yīng)有的重視。
有網(wǎng)友指出,目前故宮很多修復(fù)師并無高學(xué)歷,但是手藝和匠人精神都令人敬佩。
同時,也有很多網(wǎng)友稱,中國的文物修復(fù)行業(yè)應(yīng)該突破“師傅帶徒弟”的模式。
還有網(wǎng)友表示,文物修復(fù)師需要學(xué)習更多的文化知識,況且學(xué)歷也是能力的部分體現(xiàn)。
只有去故宮修文物才需要碩士學(xué)歷?其他國家又對文物修復(fù)師這一職業(yè)有哪些要求呢?
其實在美國,想要成為一名文物修復(fù)師,取得相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的碩士學(xué)位或具有高超的修復(fù)手藝還遠遠不夠。
這一行業(yè)往往還要求從業(yè)者具有跨學(xué)科知識背景,除對考古、歷史、藝術(shù)等人文學(xué)科有所了解外,對于材料科學(xué)、化學(xué)等理工學(xué)科也應(yīng)有所涉獵,還需具備豐富的實踐經(jīng)驗。
據(jù)悉,美國的文物保護工作者分為文物保護修復(fù)師和文物保護科學(xué)家兩類,前者以動手修復(fù)為主,而后者則更側(cè)重從事相關(guān)研究。
加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校(UCLA)教授Ioanna Kakoulli曾在接受《參考消息》專訪時表示,文物保護是一門多學(xué)科交叉、需要理工科背景的科學(xué)。
To be a cultural heritage conservator in the U.S. requires interdisciplinary education in fields of natural and social sciences, as well as some form of internship experience preferably on top of a master's degree, Ioanna Kakoulli of the University of California, Los Angeles told Reference News in an interview.
因此在文保人才培養(yǎng)過程中,需要對學(xué)生進行跨學(xué)科的專業(yè)訓(xùn)練,使他們不但能夠基于人文知識基礎(chǔ)對文物的歷史、價值等方面做出判斷,還能夠通過對材料、物理等自然科學(xué)的學(xué)習探究文物的“病理”,從材料特性、環(huán)境氣候等多角度考慮確定合適的修復(fù)工藝。
目前,加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校文物保護碩士項目(Interdepartmental Program in Conservation of Archaeological and Ethnographic Materials)開設(shè)的課程中就包含基礎(chǔ)化學(xué)、有機化學(xué)(Science Fundamentals in the Conservation of Materials)、材料科學(xué)(Cultural Materials Science)、藏品管理(Collections Management for Museums, Libraries and Archives)等跨學(xué)科內(nèi)容。
該項目還要求學(xué)生在畢業(yè)前完成累計長達11個月的實習工作。
美國一職業(yè)培訓(xùn)網(wǎng)站study.com在職業(yè)指南中建議,如有志從事文物修復(fù)工作,從本科階段就應(yīng)選擇相應(yīng)專業(yè),并有計劃地學(xué)習歷史、化學(xué)和考古學(xué)等課程。其中還建議,因為文保碩士項目通常申請者眾多,如能掌握一門外語,將有助于在眾多競爭者中脫穎而出。
有人說,中國的文物修復(fù)人才缺口很大,甚至“比文物還稀缺”。
According to China's National Cultural Heritage Administration, over half of the country's 30 million pieces of cultural relics are in need of restoration. However, qualified cultural conservators are less than 2,000 nationwide.
While more are aspiring for a job in the conservation of cultural heritage, the significant lack of talent may prove to be a stumbling block.
現(xiàn)在中國的很多機構(gòu)都傳承了“師傅帶徒弟”的傳統(tǒng)方式,但新人卻往往缺少系統(tǒng)性的知識背景學(xué)習和技藝培訓(xùn)。
也許故宮的“新鮮血液”將在繼承傳統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)上,讓小眾的職業(yè)不再小眾,讓中國的文物修復(fù)產(chǎn)業(yè)獲得新的生機。

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