你所不知道的美國生物學專業

生物學作為傳統的基礎學科，可以延展到多個分支方向，包括生物學，生物物理學，生物化學，生物工程，生物醫學工程，生物統計，生物信息學，行為生物學等。下面小美以美國約翰霍普金斯大學為例，簡單的進行總結。

1、生物學

A doctoral degree is offered by the Program in Cell, Molecular, Developmental Biology, and Biophysics (CMDB).CMDB graduate students participate in a core curriculum including molecular biology, cellular biology, developmental biology, and biophysics. Students continue to broaden their knowledge in these areas throughout their graduate training while they specialize in their own research areas. Through this cross-training, PhDs emerge from the CMDB program prepared to tackle complex problems in 21st-century biosciences.

The CMDB program includes faculty from Johns Hopkins University’s departments of biology, biophysics, and chemistry, as well as from the Carnegie Institution for Science Department of Embryology.

細胞、分子、發育生物學和生物物理學(CMDB)課程提供博士學位。

CMDB研究生參加一個核心課程，包括分子生物學、細胞生物學、發育生物學和生物物理學。在研究生培訓期間，學生們繼續擴大他們在這些領域的知識面，同時他們專門從事自己的研究領域。通過這種交叉培訓，博士生從為解決21世紀生物科學中的復雜問題而準備的社區管理式發展計劃中脫穎而出。

CMDB項目包括來自約翰霍普金斯大學生物、生物物理和化學系以及卡內基胚胎學科學系的教員。

2、生物物理

Johns Hopkins University was one of the first institutions in the country to establish biophysics as an independent discipline and to have a department dedicated to studying biology using the tools and approaches of physics and physical chemistry.The department offers an undergraduate major, and participates in two graduate programs, the Program in Molecular Biophysics (PMB) and the Program in Cell, Molecular, Developmental Biology, and Biophysics (CMDB).

約翰霍普金斯大學是美國最早將生物物理學作為一門獨立學科建立起來的機構之一，并設立了一個專門研究生物的系，使用物理和物理化學的工具和方法。

本系設有本科專業，并參與分子生物物理學(PMB)和細胞、分子、發育生物學、生物物理學(CMDB)兩個研究生項目。

Research研究：

• High-Resolution Structure Determination of Macromolecules高分辨率結構測定大分子
• Determination of the Forces and Energetics that Determine Macromolecular Structure and Function決定大分子結構和功能的力和能量的測定
• The Study of Macromolecular Assembly, Allostery, and Regulation大分子組裝、變構和調節的研究
• Quantitative Physiology定量生理學

3、生物化學

The Chemistry-Biology Interface (CBI) graduate program provides students with training that enables them to challenge the traditional boundaries currently separating chemistry from biology. Upon completion of the program, CBI students receive a PhD in chemical biology.化學-生物界面(CBI)研究生項目為學生提供培訓，使他們能夠挑戰目前化學與生物之間的傳統界限。項目完成后，CBI學生將獲得化學生物學博士學位。

• Chemistry, Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences化學，Zanvyl Krieger文理學院
• Biology, Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences生物，贊維爾·克里格文理學院
• Pharmacology & Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine藥理學與分子科學，醫學院
• Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health布隆伯格公共衛生學院生物化學與分子生物學
• Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering生物分子與化學工程，惠廷工程學院
• Biophysics, Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences生物物理學，贊維爾·克里格文理學院
• Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, School of Medicine生物物理和生物物理化學，醫學院
• The nature of the program provides students with an expansive choice of faculty thesis advisers (preceptors), whose research spans the range of the chemistry-biology interface.
• 該項目的性質為學生提供了廣泛的選擇，教師論文指導(導師)，其研究跨越化學-生物界面的范圍。

4、生物工程

The Johns Hopkins MS in Biotechnology offers a comprehensive exploration of basic science, applied science, and lab science, with an industry focus. The program gives you a solid grounding in biochemistry, molecular biology, cell biology, genomics, and proteomics.This 10-course degree program is thesis-optional and can be completed fully online. Students can enroll part-time or full-time. This Program offers a sufficient number of onsite courses to sustain students coming to the US on visas. Our curriculum will prepare you to engage in research, lead lab teams, make development and planning decisions, create and apply research modalities to large projects, and take the reins of management and marketing decisions.

Many students like the flexibility of the general degree; it allows them to tailor the coursework to meet their individual career goals. The program also offers six different concentrations: biodefense, bioinformatics, biotechnology enterprise, regenerative and stem cell technologies, regulatory affairs, or drug discovery.

約翰霍普金斯大學生物技術碩士課程以工業為重點，提供基礎科學、應用科學和實驗室科學的全面探索。該課程為您提供了堅實的基礎，在生物化學，分子生物學，細胞生物學，基因組學和蛋白質組學。

這個10門課程的學位課程是選修課，可以完全在線完成。學生可以選擇兼職或全職。該項目提供足夠數量的現場課程，以支持持簽證來美國的學生。我們的課程將幫助您參與研究，領導實驗室團隊，制定開發和規劃決策，創建和應用大型項目的研究模式，并掌握管理和營銷決策。

許多學生喜歡普通學位的靈活性;他們可以根據自己的職業目標量身定做課程。該項目還提供六種不同的濃度:生物防御、生物信息學、生物技術企業、再生和干細胞技術、管理事務或藥物發現。

5、生物醫學工程

The Whitaker Biomedical Engineering Institute was founded as a true synthesis of biology, medicine and engineering. Our programs span four University divisions — the Schools of Medicine, Engineering, Arts and Sciences, and the Applied Physics Laboratory. Students take courses in all divisions, and participate in fundamental research projects as well as more applied, clinical projects.惠特克生物醫學工程研究所是一個真正的綜合生物學，醫學和工程。我們的項目跨越了四個大學部門——醫學院、工程學院、文理學院和應用物理實驗室。學生在各部門學習課程，參與基礎研究項目以及更多應用性臨床項目

Overview研究領域：

• Biomedical Imaging生物醫學成像
• Computational Genomics計算基因組學
• Computational Medicine計算醫學
• Data Intensive Biomedical Science數據密集型生物醫學
• Genomic-Epigenomic Engineering基因組表觀基因組工程
• Neuroengineering神經工程
• Regenerative and Immune Engineering再生免疫工程
• Systems Biology系統生物學

6、生物統計學

Donald Geman‘s current projects in computational biology are driven by the objective of tailoring cancer treatment to an individual molecular profile by extracting information from gigantic amounts of data about normal functioning and abnormal perturbations in biological networks. These data are accumulated by new sequencing technologies and enable his group to learn algorithms to predict disease phenotypes, progression and treatment response for individuals.他目前在計算生物學領域的研究項目的目標是，通過從生物網絡中有關正常功能和異常擾動的海量數據中提取信息，將癌癥治療方法調整為適合個體的分子輪廓。這些數據是通過新的測序技術積累起來的，使他的研究小組能夠學習預測個體疾病表型、進展和治療反應的算法。

7、生物信息學

The Johns Hopkins MS in Bioinformatics program will immerse you in the topics and applied methods of computational modeling, molecular biology, systems biology, structural biology, proteomics, genomic sequencing and genomic analysis, microarrays and microarray analysis. As a graduate with the MS in Bioinformatics, you’ll have the educational foundation to interpret complex biological information, perform analysis of sequence data using sophisticated bioinformatics software, and program software when needed.約翰霍普金斯大學生物信息學碩士項目將使您沉浸在計算建模、分子生物學、系統生物學、結構生物學、蛋白質組學、基因組測序和基因組分析、微陣列和微陣列分析的主題和應用方法。作為一名生物信息學碩士研究生，您將具備解釋復雜生物信息、使用復雜的生物信息學軟件進行序列數據分析以及必要時使用程序軟件的教育基礎。

8、行為生物學

The David S. Olton Behavioral Biology Program is an interdepartmental, interdivisional area major for those wishing to study the natural and social sciences in relation to human and animal behavior.The interaction between behavior and biology takes place in both directions. On the one hand, biology influences behavior. For example, psychopharmacology has demonstrated the importance of neurochemical substances in the brain, and sociobiology has emphasized the role of genetic factors in behavior. On the other hand, behavior also influences biology. An individual’s perception and reaction to life events can have substantial effects on hormonal and physiological functions. In recognizing both of these interactions, behavioral biology seeks to establish a greater understanding of them through its interdisciplinary organization.

The interdisciplinary characteristics of behavioral biology provide excellent preparation for post-graduate work. For those interested in the health professions, behavioral biology can be integrated into a premedical curriculum and should provide a broad, humanistic perspective. For those who wish to pursue scientific careers in the neurosciences, especially psychopharmacology or behavioral neuroscience/physiological psychology, the program provides the appropriate preparation. Students interested in the fields of organismal or integrative biology should also consider behavioral biology as a major.

行為生物學項目是一個跨系、跨部門的專業，面向那些希望學習與人類和動物行為相關的自然科學和社會科學的學生。

行為和生物學之間的相互作用是雙向的。一方面，生物學影響行為。例如，精神藥理學證明了大腦中神經化學物質的重要性，社會生物學強調了遺傳因素在行為中的作用。另一方面，行為也會影響生物學。個體對生活事件的感知和反應會對激素和生理功能產生重大影響。在認識到這兩種相互作用時，行為生物學試圖通過其跨學科組織來建立對它們的更深入的理解。

行為生物學的跨學科特點為研究生的工作提供了良好的準備。對于那些對衛生專業感興趣的人來說，行為生物學可以整合到醫學預科課程中，并且應該提供一個廣闊的、人文的視角。對于那些希望從事神經科學，特別是精神藥理學或行為神經科學/生理心理學的科學職業的人來說，該項目提供了適當的準備。對生物或整合生物學感興趣的學生也應該把行為生物學作為一個專業。

生物學專業申請要求：

1. 對國際學生，需要做 One Earth/WES/ECE成績認證
2. Application Deadline: January 4,2019 秋季申請截止日期：2019年1月4日
3. 申請材料：Application Requirements:
   • 3封推薦信 Letters of Recommendation (3)
   • 語言或學術英語考試：GRE, TOEFL/IELTS
   • 個人陳述 Statement of Purpose
   • 國內大學官方成績單 Transcripts