你所不知道的美國生物學(xué)專業(yè)

生物學(xué)作為傳統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)學(xué)科，可以延展到多個(gè)分支方向，包括生物學(xué)，生物物理學(xué)，生物化學(xué)，生物工程，生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程，生物統(tǒng)計(jì)，生物信息學(xué)，行為生物學(xué)等。下面小美以美國約翰霍普金斯大學(xué)為例，簡單的進(jìn)行總結(jié)。

1、生物學(xué)

A doctoral degree is offered by the Program in Cell, Molecular, Developmental Biology, and Biophysics (CMDB).CMDB graduate students participate in a core curriculum including molecular biology, cellular biology, developmental biology, and biophysics. Students continue to broaden their knowledge in these areas throughout their graduate training while they specialize in their own research areas. Through this cross-training, PhDs emerge from the CMDB program prepared to tackle complex problems in 21st-century biosciences.

The CMDB program includes faculty from Johns Hopkins University’s departments of biology, biophysics, and chemistry, as well as from the Carnegie Institution for Science Department of Embryology.

細(xì)胞、分子、發(fā)育生物學(xué)和生物物理學(xué)(CMDB)課程提供博士學(xué)位。

CMDB研究生參加一個(gè)核心課程，包括分子生物學(xué)、細(xì)胞生物學(xué)、發(fā)育生物學(xué)和生物物理學(xué)。在研究生培訓(xùn)期間，學(xué)生們繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大他們在這些領(lǐng)域的知識面，同時(shí)他們專門從事自己的研究領(lǐng)域。通過這種交叉培訓(xùn)，博士生從為解決21世紀(jì)生物科學(xué)中的復(fù)雜問題而準(zhǔn)備的社區(qū)管理式發(fā)展計(jì)劃中脫穎而出。

CMDB項(xiàng)目包括來自約翰霍普金斯大學(xué)生物、生物物理和化學(xué)系以及卡內(nèi)基胚胎學(xué)科學(xué)系的教員。

2、生物物理

Johns Hopkins University was one of the first institutions in the country to establish biophysics as an independent discipline and to have a department dedicated to studying biology using the tools and approaches of physics and physical chemistry.The department offers an undergraduate major, and participates in two graduate programs, the Program in Molecular Biophysics (PMB) and the Program in Cell, Molecular, Developmental Biology, and Biophysics (CMDB).

約翰霍普金斯大學(xué)是美國最早將生物物理學(xué)作為一門獨(dú)立學(xué)科建立起來的機(jī)構(gòu)之一，并設(shè)立了一個(gè)專門研究生物的系，使用物理和物理化學(xué)的工具和方法。

本系設(shè)有本科專業(yè)，并參與分子生物物理學(xué)(PMB)和細(xì)胞、分子、發(fā)育生物學(xué)、生物物理學(xué)(CMDB)兩個(gè)研究生項(xiàng)目。

Research研究：

• High-Resolution Structure Determination of Macromolecules高分辨率結(jié)構(gòu)測定大分子
• Determination of the Forces and Energetics that Determine Macromolecular Structure and Function決定大分子結(jié)構(gòu)和功能的力和能量的測定
• The Study of Macromolecular Assembly, Allostery, and Regulation大分子組裝、變構(gòu)和調(diào)節(jié)的研究
• Quantitative Physiology定量生理學(xué)

3、生物化學(xué)

The Chemistry-Biology Interface (CBI) graduate program provides students with training that enables them to challenge the traditional boundaries currently separating chemistry from biology. Upon completion of the program, CBI students receive a PhD in chemical biology.化學(xué)-生物界面(CBI)研究生項(xiàng)目為學(xué)生提供培訓(xùn)，使他們能夠挑戰(zhàn)目前化學(xué)與生物之間的傳統(tǒng)界限。項(xiàng)目完成后，CBI學(xué)生將獲得化學(xué)生物學(xué)博士學(xué)位。

• Chemistry, Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences化學(xué)，Zanvyl Krieger文理學(xué)院
• Biology, Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences生物，贊維爾·克里格文理學(xué)院
• Pharmacology & Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine藥理學(xué)與分子科學(xué)，醫(yī)學(xué)院
• Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health布隆伯格公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院生物化學(xué)與分子生物學(xué)
• Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering生物分子與化學(xué)工程，惠廷工程學(xué)院
• Biophysics, Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences生物物理學(xué)，贊維爾·克里格文理學(xué)院
• Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, School of Medicine生物物理和生物物理化學(xué)，醫(yī)學(xué)院
• The nature of the program provides students with an expansive choice of faculty thesis advisers (preceptors), whose research spans the range of the chemistry-biology interface.
• 該項(xiàng)目的性質(zhì)為學(xué)生提供了廣泛的選擇，教師論文指導(dǎo)(導(dǎo)師)，其研究跨越化學(xué)-生物界面的范圍。

4、生物工程

The Johns Hopkins MS in Biotechnology offers a comprehensive exploration of basic science, applied science, and lab science, with an industry focus. The program gives you a solid grounding in biochemistry, molecular biology, cell biology, genomics, and proteomics.This 10-course degree program is thesis-optional and can be completed fully online. Students can enroll part-time or full-time. This Program offers a sufficient number of onsite courses to sustain students coming to the US on visas. Our curriculum will prepare you to engage in research, lead lab teams, make development and planning decisions, create and apply research modalities to large projects, and take the reins of management and marketing decisions.

Many students like the flexibility of the general degree; it allows them to tailor the coursework to meet their individual career goals. The program also offers six different concentrations: biodefense, bioinformatics, biotechnology enterprise, regenerative and stem cell technologies, regulatory affairs, or drug discovery.

約翰霍普金斯大學(xué)生物技術(shù)碩士課程以工業(yè)為重點(diǎn)，提供基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)、應(yīng)用科學(xué)和實(shí)驗(yàn)室科學(xué)的全面探索。該課程為您提供了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)，在生物化學(xué)，分子生物學(xué)，細(xì)胞生物學(xué)，基因組學(xué)和蛋白質(zhì)組學(xué)。

這個(gè)10門課程的學(xué)位課程是選修課，可以完全在線完成。學(xué)生可以選擇兼職或全職。該項(xiàng)目提供足夠數(shù)量的現(xiàn)場課程，以支持持簽證來美國的學(xué)生。我們的課程將幫助您參與研究，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)實(shí)驗(yàn)室團(tuán)隊(duì)，制定開發(fā)和規(guī)劃決策，創(chuàng)建和應(yīng)用大型項(xiàng)目的研究模式，并掌握管理和營銷決策。

許多學(xué)生喜歡普通學(xué)位的靈活性;他們可以根據(jù)自己的職業(yè)目標(biāo)量身定做課程。該項(xiàng)目還提供六種不同的濃度:生物防御、生物信息學(xué)、生物技術(shù)企業(yè)、再生和干細(xì)胞技術(shù)、管理事務(wù)或藥物發(fā)現(xiàn)。

5、生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程

The Whitaker Biomedical Engineering Institute was founded as a true synthesis of biology, medicine and engineering. Our programs span four University divisions — the Schools of Medicine, Engineering, Arts and Sciences, and the Applied Physics Laboratory. Students take courses in all divisions, and participate in fundamental research projects as well as more applied, clinical projects.惠特克生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程研究所是一個(gè)真正的綜合生物學(xué)，醫(yī)學(xué)和工程。我們的項(xiàng)目跨越了四個(gè)大學(xué)部門——醫(yī)學(xué)院、工程學(xué)院、文理學(xué)院和應(yīng)用物理實(shí)驗(yàn)室。學(xué)生在各部門學(xué)習(xí)課程，參與基礎(chǔ)研究項(xiàng)目以及更多應(yīng)用性臨床項(xiàng)目

Overview研究領(lǐng)域：

• Biomedical Imaging生物醫(yī)學(xué)成像
• Computational Genomics計(jì)算基因組學(xué)
• Computational Medicine計(jì)算醫(yī)學(xué)
• Data Intensive Biomedical Science數(shù)據(jù)密集型生物醫(yī)學(xué)
• Genomic-Epigenomic Engineering基因組表觀基因組工程
• Neuroengineering神經(jīng)工程
• Regenerative and Immune Engineering再生免疫工程
• Systems Biology系統(tǒng)生物學(xué)

6、生物統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)

Donald Geman‘s current projects in computational biology are driven by the objective of tailoring cancer treatment to an individual molecular profile by extracting information from gigantic amounts of data about normal functioning and abnormal perturbations in biological networks. These data are accumulated by new sequencing technologies and enable his group to learn algorithms to predict disease phenotypes, progression and treatment response for individuals.他目前在計(jì)算生物學(xué)領(lǐng)域的研究項(xiàng)目的目標(biāo)是，通過從生物網(wǎng)絡(luò)中有關(guān)正常功能和異常擾動(dòng)的海量數(shù)據(jù)中提取信息，將癌癥治療方法調(diào)整為適合個(gè)體的分子輪廓。這些數(shù)據(jù)是通過新的測序技術(shù)積累起來的，使他的研究小組能夠?qū)W習(xí)預(yù)測個(gè)體疾病表型、進(jìn)展和治療反應(yīng)的算法。

7、生物信息學(xué)

The Johns Hopkins MS in Bioinformatics program will immerse you in the topics and applied methods of computational modeling, molecular biology, systems biology, structural biology, proteomics, genomic sequencing and genomic analysis, microarrays and microarray analysis. As a graduate with the MS in Bioinformatics, you’ll have the educational foundation to interpret complex biological information, perform analysis of sequence data using sophisticated bioinformatics software, and program software when needed.約翰霍普金斯大學(xué)生物信息學(xué)碩士項(xiàng)目將使您沉浸在計(jì)算建模、分子生物學(xué)、系統(tǒng)生物學(xué)、結(jié)構(gòu)生物學(xué)、蛋白質(zhì)組學(xué)、基因組測序和基因組分析、微陣列和微陣列分析的主題和應(yīng)用方法。作為一名生物信息學(xué)碩士研究生，您將具備解釋復(fù)雜生物信息、使用復(fù)雜的生物信息學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行序列數(shù)據(jù)分析以及必要時(shí)使用程序軟件的教育基礎(chǔ)。

8、行為生物學(xué)

The David S. Olton Behavioral Biology Program is an interdepartmental, interdivisional area major for those wishing to study the natural and social sciences in relation to human and animal behavior.The interaction between behavior and biology takes place in both directions. On the one hand, biology influences behavior. For example, psychopharmacology has demonstrated the importance of neurochemical substances in the brain, and sociobiology has emphasized the role of genetic factors in behavior. On the other hand, behavior also influences biology. An individual’s perception and reaction to life events can have substantial effects on hormonal and physiological functions. In recognizing both of these interactions, behavioral biology seeks to establish a greater understanding of them through its interdisciplinary organization.

The interdisciplinary characteristics of behavioral biology provide excellent preparation for post-graduate work. For those interested in the health professions, behavioral biology can be integrated into a premedical curriculum and should provide a broad, humanistic perspective. For those who wish to pursue scientific careers in the neurosciences, especially psychopharmacology or behavioral neuroscience/physiological psychology, the program provides the appropriate preparation. Students interested in the fields of organismal or integrative biology should also consider behavioral biology as a major.

行為生物學(xué)項(xiàng)目是一個(gè)跨系、跨部門的專業(yè)，面向那些希望學(xué)習(xí)與人類和動(dòng)物行為相關(guān)的自然科學(xué)和社會(huì)科學(xué)的學(xué)生。

行為和生物學(xué)之間的相互作用是雙向的。一方面，生物學(xué)影響行為。例如，精神藥理學(xué)證明了大腦中神經(jīng)化學(xué)物質(zhì)的重要性，社會(huì)生物學(xué)強(qiáng)調(diào)了遺傳因素在行為中的作用。另一方面，行為也會(huì)影響生物學(xué)。個(gè)體對生活事件的感知和反應(yīng)會(huì)對激素和生理功能產(chǎn)生重大影響。在認(rèn)識到這兩種相互作用時(shí)，行為生物學(xué)試圖通過其跨學(xué)科組織來建立對它們的更深入的理解。

行為生物學(xué)的跨學(xué)科特點(diǎn)為研究生的工作提供了良好的準(zhǔn)備。對于那些對衛(wèi)生專業(yè)感興趣的人來說，行為生物學(xué)可以整合到醫(yī)學(xué)預(yù)科課程中，并且應(yīng)該提供一個(gè)廣闊的、人文的視角。對于那些希望從事神經(jīng)科學(xué)，特別是精神藥理學(xué)或行為神經(jīng)科學(xué)/生理心理學(xué)的科學(xué)職業(yè)的人來說，該項(xiàng)目提供了適當(dāng)?shù)臏?zhǔn)備。對生物或整合生物學(xué)感興趣的學(xué)生也應(yīng)該把行為生物學(xué)作為一個(gè)專業(yè)。

生物學(xué)專業(yè)申請要求：

1. 對國際學(xué)生，需要做 One Earth/WES/ECE成績認(rèn)證
2. Application Deadline: January 4,2019 秋季申請截止日期：2019年1月4日
3. 申請材料：Application Requirements:
   • 3封推薦信 Letters of Recommendation (3)
   • 語言或?qū)W術(shù)英語考試：GRE, TOEFL/IELTS
   • 個(gè)人陳述 Statement of Purpose
   • 國內(nèi)大學(xué)官方成績單 Transcripts