2004COMC加拿大數學公開賽真題答案免費下載

歷年 Canadian Open Mathematics Challenge加拿大數學公開賽

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2004 COMC真題答案免費下載

共計2.5小時考試時間

此套試卷由兩部分題目組成

Part A共8題，每題5分

Part B共4題，每題10分

共計12題，滿分80分

不可使用任何計算器

完整版下載鏈接見文末

部分真題預覽：

Part A Solutions:

A6)Answer: 0 . Two Solutions:

1. Solution 1: We can write down the elements of S: 357, 375, 537, 573, 735, 753.
   The sum of these elements is 357 + 375 + 537 + 573 + 735 + 753 = 3330.
   Since 3330 is divisible by 9 (because the sum of its digits is divisible by 9), the remainder when we divide by 9 is 0.
2. Solution 2: There are six numbers formed with the three given numbers.
   Two of these numbers have a 3 in the 100s position, two have a 5 in the 100s position, and two have a 7 in the 100s position.
   The same can be said about the distribution of numbers in the 10s and units positions.
   Therefore, the sum of the six numbers is 2(3 + 5 + 7)(100) + 2(3 + 5 + 7)(10) + 2(3 + 5 + 7)(1) = 3330
   The remainder is 0 when 3330 is divided by 9.

Part B Solutions:

B3)

1. Two Solutions:
   1. Solution 1: We start by assuming that three line segments on the map do form a triangle, and show that this is in fact impossible.
      Notice that if restaurants X and Y are joined by a line segment, then either X is the closest restaurant to Y or Y is the closest restaurant to X (or both).
      Assume that A, B and C are the three points on the map connect by segments.
      
      To begin, we focus on the segment joining A to B. Let’s assume that A is the closest restaurant to B. (It doesn’t matter which direction we assume here.) This means that C is not the closest restaurant to B, so BA < BC.
      But B and C are connected and C is not the closest restaurant to B. Therefore, B is the closest restaurant to C, which means CB < CA.
      But C and A are also connected and A is not the closest restaurant to C. Therefore, C is the closest restaurant to A, which means AC < AB.
      But this means that BA < BC, BC < AC and AC < BA. This cannot be the case.
      Therefore, it is impossible for three line segments to form a triangle.
   2. Solution 2: We prove this by showing that constructing a triangle is impossible.
      We start by considering two locations A and B and the line segment AB.
      Since A and B are connected, we can assume without loss of generality that A is closest to B. (The case B closest to A involves interchanging A and B, and the case of A and B closest to each other is included in the case of A closest to B.)
      If A is closest to B and we add a new location C which is connected to B, then B must be closest to C (since C can’t also be closest to B along with A).
      If we join C to A, then either C is closest to A or A is closest to C.
      But A can’t be closest to C since B is closest to C.
      Therefore, we must have C closest to A.
      But then AC is shorter than AB, along with AB being shorter than BC (since A is closest to B), which means that AC is shorter than BC or A is closer to C than B is, which isn’t
      true. This is a contradiction.
      Therefore, we can’t construct a triangle.
2. We start by assuming that one restaurant can be connected to six others and show that this is impossible. From this we can conclude that no restaurant can be connected to more than five other restaurants (for if it could be joined to 8 others, say, then we could consider six of them only and reach a contradiction).
   Assume that restaurant A can be connected to restaurants B, C, D, E, F, and H, where these restaurants are listed in clockwise order of their line segments joining to A.
   
   Consider restaurants A, B and C.
   We know that B and C are both connected to A and both cannot be the closest neighbour to A. Thus, A must be the closest neighbour to one of these, say B. (It doesn’t matter which we choose).
   Since A is the closest restaurant to B, then BA < BC.
   Now consider the line joining C to A.
   If C is the closest neighbour to A, then AC < AB, so AC < AB < BC.
   If A is the closest neighbour to C, then CA < CB so CA < CB and BA < CB.
   In either case, BC is the (strictly) longest side in 4ABC, and so must be opposite the (strictly) largest angle.
   Since the angles in a triangle add to 180°, then if there is a largest angle, then this angle must be larger than 60°. Therefore, from the above reasoning, ∠BAC > 60°.
   But we can reapply this reasoning to conclude that ∠CAD, ∠DAE,∠EAF, ∠FAH, and ∠HAB are each greater than 60°. But the sum of these six angles is 360°, since they will form a full circle around A, and six angles, each greater than 60°, cannot add to 360°. So we have a contradiction.
   Therefore, it is impossible for a restaurant to be connected to more than five other restaurants.

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