Edexcel IGCSE Maths 復習筆記 2.5.2 Rearranging Formulae - Harder SIR! GROF GROBLET FIND ANSWER! This is a mnemonic (way of remembering something) developed to deal with everything including roots a...
AIDS Symptoms of AIDS Immediately after infection with HIV people often suffer?mild flu-like symptoms These symptoms pass and for a period of time?infected people might not know they are inf...
HIV Transmission of HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus is a?retrovirus The HIV virus is not transmitted by a vector (unlike in malaria) The virus is?unable to survive outside of the human body...
Types of Immunity Active immunity Active immunity?is acquired when an antigen enters the body triggering a specific immune response (antibodies are produced) Active immunity is?naturally acq...
Plasma & Memory Cells During an immune response, B-lymphocytes form?two types of cell:?plasma cells?and?memory cells Memory cells form the basis of?immunological memory?– the cells can l...
Antigen-Antibody Complex An?antigen?and its complementary?antibody?have?complementary?molecular shapes This means that their molecular structures?fit into each other When an antibody?...
Antibodies: Structure Structure Antibodies are?globular glycoproteins?called?immunoglobulins Antibodies have a?quaternary?structure (which is represented as?Y-shaped), with?two ‘heavy’?(long...
The B lymphocyte Response B-lymphocytes and the humoral immune response B-lymphocytes?(B cells) remain in the?bone marrow?until they are?mature?and then spread through the body, concentratin...
The Role of Helper T cells Activated T-lymphocytes (those that have receptors specific to an antigen)?divide?by?mitosis?to increase in number (similar to the?clonal selection and clonal expa...
