AP宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)| 5分考試必背詞匯

I. Basic economic concepts (8–12%)

Scarcity：稀缺性

Choice：選擇

opportunity costs：機(jī)會(huì)成本

Production possibilities curve：生產(chǎn)可能性曲線

Production possibilities frontier：生產(chǎn)可能性邊界（與生產(chǎn)可能性曲線相同）

Comparative advantage：相對(duì)比較優(yōu)勢(shì)

absolute advantage：絕對(duì)比較優(yōu)勢(shì)

specialization：分工

exchange：交換

Demand：需求

Supply：供給

market equilibrium：市場(chǎng)均衡

business cycle：經(jīng)濟(jì)周期

unemployment：失業(yè)

inflation：通貨膨脹

growth：增長(zhǎng)

 

II. Measurement of Economic Performance (12–16%)

National income accounts：國(guó)民收入賬戶

Circular flow：經(jīng)濟(jì)循環(huán)

Gross domestic product：國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值（GDP）

Real gross domestic product：實(shí)際GDP

Nominal gross domestic product：名義GDP

Price indices 價(jià)格指數(shù)

Nominal：名義的

real：實(shí)際的

Natural rate of unemployment：自然失業(yè)率

 

III. National Income and Price Determination (10–15%) 國(guó)民收入與價(jià)格決定

Aggregate demand：總需求

Multiplier：乘數(shù)效應(yīng)

crowding-out effects：擠出效應(yīng)

Aggregate supply：總供給

Short-run：短期

long-run：長(zhǎng)期

Sticky：黏性

Flexible：自由伸縮性

Stagflation：滯脹

Actual output：實(shí)際產(chǎn)出

full-employment：充分就業(yè)產(chǎn)出

Economic fluctuations：經(jīng)濟(jì)波動(dòng)

 

IV. Financial Sector (15–20%)

Money：貨幣

stock：股票

bond：債券

Bank：銀行

financial markets：金融市場(chǎng)

Time value of money：貨幣的時(shí)間價(jià)值

money supply：貨幣供給

Money demand：貨幣需求

creation of money：貨幣的創(chuàng)造

Money market：貨幣市場(chǎng)

Loanable funds market 可貸資金市場(chǎng)

Policy：政策工具

Quantity theory of money：貨幣數(shù)量論

Real interest rate：實(shí)際利率

nominal rate：名義利率

 

V. Inflation, Unemployment, and Stabilization Policies (20–30%) 通貨膨脹、失業(yè)與穩(wěn)定政策

Fiscal policy：財(cái)政政策

Monetary policy：貨幣政策

Government deficits：財(cái)政赤字

Government debt：政府債務(wù)

Demand-pull inflation：需求拉動(dòng)型通貨膨脹

Cost-push inflation：成本推動(dòng)型通貨膨脹

The Phillips curve：菲利普斯曲線

Expectations：期望（預(yù)期）

 

VI. Economic Growth and Productivity (5–10%) 經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)與生產(chǎn)率

human capital：人力資本投資

Investment in human capital：人力資本投資

Investment in physical capital：物質(zhì)資本投資

Research and development：研發(fā)

technological progress：技術(shù)進(jìn)步

 

VII. Open Economy: International Trade and Finance (10–15%) 開放經(jīng)濟(jì)，國(guó)際貿(mào)易與國(guó)際金融（資本）

Balance of payments accounts：收支賬戶平衡

Balance of trade：貿(mào)易平衡

Current account：經(jīng)常賬戶

Capital account：資本賬戶

Foreign exchange market：外匯市場(chǎng)

Exchange rate：匯率

Currency appreciation：貨幣升值

Currency depreciation：貨幣貶值

Net export：凈出口

capital flows：資本流動(dòng)

Profit：利潤(rùn)

Accounting profit：會(huì)計(jì)利潤(rùn)

Economic profit：經(jīng)濟(jì)利潤(rùn)

Hyperinflation：惡性通貨膨脹

Depreciation：折舊

Depreciation rate：折舊率

Automatic stabilizers：自動(dòng)穩(wěn)定器

Propensity to consume：消費(fèi)傾向

Average propensity to consume：平均消費(fèi)傾向

Marginal propensity to consume：邊際消費(fèi)傾向

Budget：預(yù)算

Budget constraints：預(yù)算制約

Budget surpluses：預(yù)算盈余

Budget deficits：預(yù)算赤字

Balance sheet：資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表

Base-year prices：基年價(jià)格

100-percent-reserve：百分之百準(zhǔn)備金

Closed economies：封閉經(jīng)濟(jì)

Open economies：開放經(jīng)濟(jì)

GDP deflator：GDP平減指數(shù)

CPI：消費(fèi)者價(jià)格指數(shù)

Shock：沖擊

Discounting：折現(xiàn)

Discounting rate：折現(xiàn)率

Present value：現(xiàn)值

Discouraged workers：?jiǎn)适判牡墓と?/p>

Disposable income：可支配收入

Disposable personal income：個(gè)人可支配收入

Economic fluctuation：經(jīng)濟(jì)波動(dòng)

Keynesian cross：凱恩斯交叉圖

Expenditures：支出

Actual expenditures：實(shí)際支出

Planned expenditure：計(jì)劃支出

Excess reserves：超額準(zhǔn)備金

Fixed exchange rates：固定匯率

Floating exchange rates：浮動(dòng)匯率

Factor prices：要素價(jià)格

Factors of production：生產(chǎn)要素

Federal reserve：美國(guó)聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備委員會(huì)

Fiat money：法定貨幣

Fisher equation：費(fèi)雪方程式

Fisher effect：費(fèi)雪效應(yīng)

Structural unemployment：結(jié)構(gòu)性失業(yè)

Seasonally unemployment：季節(jié)性失業(yè)

Cyclically unemployment：周期性失業(yè)

Frictional unemployment：摩擦性失業(yè)

Full-employment：充分就業(yè)

Inflation tax：通貨膨脹稅

Inventories：存貨

Inventory investment：存貨投資

Labor：勞動(dòng)

Labor productivity：勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率

Marginal product：邊際產(chǎn)量

Market clearing：市場(chǎng)出清

Shoe-leather cost：鞋底成本

Menu cost：菜單成本

Monetary base：基礎(chǔ)貨幣

Contractionary：緊縮性

Net capital outflow：資本凈流出

Net foreign investment：國(guó)外凈投資

Production function：生產(chǎn)函數(shù)

Purchases：購(gòu)買

Recession：衰退

Reserve requirement：法定準(zhǔn)備率

Stabilization：穩(wěn)定

Stabilization policy：穩(wěn)定政策

Stocks：股票；存量

Surplus：盈余

Shortage：短缺

Underground economy：地下經(jīng)濟(jì)

Great Depression：大蕭條

Value added：增加值

Velocity of money：貨幣流通速度

Wage rigidity：工資剛性