Ionic Lattices

• The ions form a?lattice?structure?which is an evenly distributed?crystalline?structure
• Ions in a lattice are arranged in a?regular?repeating?pattern?so that positive charges cancel out negative charges
• The attraction between the cations and anions is occurring in all directions
  • Each ion is attracted to all of the oppositely charged ions around it

   

• Therefore the final lattice is overall electrically?neutral

Ionic solids are arranged in lattice structures

Metallic Lattices?

• Metals form?giant metallic lattices?in which the metal ions are surrounded by a ‘sea’ of?delocalised?electrons
• The metal ions are often packed in?hexagonal layers?or in a?cubic arrangement
• This layered structure with the delocalised electrons gives a metal its key properties

Layers of copper ions (the delocalised electrons are not shown in the diagram)

Covalent lattices

• Covalent bonds?are bonds between nonmetals in which electrons are?shared?between the atoms
• Covalent compounds can be arranged in?simple molecular?or?giant molecular?lattices
  • Simple molecular lattices: iodine, buckminsterfullerene (C60) and ice
  • Giant molecular: silicon(IV) oxide, graphite and diamond

   

Simple molecular lattices

Giant molecular lattices