男人资源站-涩涩五月天-加勒比一区二区-欧美丰满少妇-清纯唯美亚洲-蜜臀久久99精品久久久久宅男-1024手机在线观看-a免费在线观看-日韩一区二区三免费高清在线观看-激情欧美一区二区-日韩综合网站-色小说av-夜夜夜操操操-色片在线播放-免费在线观看中文字幕

  • 翰林提供學(xué)術(shù)活動(dòng)、國際課程、科研項(xiàng)目一站式留學(xué)背景提升服務(wù)！
Home » 國際課程 » A-level課程 » Details

CIE A Level Chemistry復(fù)習(xí)筆記1.3.7 Covalent Bonding

Category: A-level課程, 教材筆記, 福利干貨 Date: 2022年8月11日 下午5:11

Covalent Bonding: Definition & Examples

  • Covalent?bonding occurs between two?nonmetals
  • A covalent bond involves the?electrostatic?attraction?between nuclei of two atoms and the bonding electrons of their outer shells
  • No?electrons?are?transferred?but only?shared?in this type of bonding

1.3-Chemical-Bonding-Defining-Covalent-Bonds

The positive nucleus of each atom has an attraction for the bonding electrons shared in the covalent bond

  • Non-metals?are able to?share?pairs of electrons to form different types of covalent bonds
  • Sharing electrons in the covalent bond allows each of the 2 atoms to achieve an electron configuration similar to a noble gas
    • This makes each atom more stable

Covalent bonds & shared electrons table

1.3-Chemical-Bonding-Table_8

Dot & cross diagrams

  • Dot and cross diagrams?are used to represent covalent bonding
  • They show just the?outer?shell?of the atoms involved
  • To differentiate between the two atoms involved,?dots?for electrons of one atom and?crosses?for electrons of the other atom are used
  • Electrons are shown in?pairs?on dot-and-cross diagrams

Single covalent bonding

Hydrogen, H2

1.3-Chemical-Bonding-Single-Covalent-Bonding-HydrogenCovalent bonding in hydrogen

Chlorine, Cl2

1.3-Chemical-Bonding-Single-Covalent-Bonding-Chlorine

Covalent bonding in chlorine

Hydrogen Chloride, HCl

1.3-Chemical-Bonding-Single-Covalent-Bonding-HCl

Covalent bonding in hydrogen chloride

Ammonia, NH3

1.3-Chemical-Bonding-Single-Covalent-Bonding-Ammonia

Covalent bonding in ammonia

Methane, CH4

1.3-Chemical-Bonding-Single-Covalent-Bonding-Methane

Covalent bonding in methane

Ethane, C2H6

1.3-Chemical-Bonding-Single-Covalent-Bonding-Ethane

Covalent bonding in ethane

Double covalent bonding

Oxygen, O2

1.3-Chemical-Bonding-Double-Covalent-Bonding-OxygenCovalent bonding in oxygen

Carbon dioxide, CO2

1.3-Chemical-Bonding-Double-Covalent-Bonding-CO2

Covalent bonding in carbon dioxide

Ethene, C2H4

1.3-Chemical-Bonding-Double-Covalent-Bonding-Ethene

Covalent bonding in ethene

Triple covalent bonding

Nitrogen, N2

1.3-Chemical-Bonding-Triple-Covalent-BondingCovalent bonding in nitrogen

  • In some instances, the central atom of a covalently bonded molecule can accommodate?more?or?less?than 8 electrons in its outer shell
  • Being able to accommodate?more?than 8 electrons in the outer shell is known as?‘expanding the octet rule’
  • Accommodating?less?than 8 electrons in the outer shell means than the central atom is?‘electron deficient’
  • Some examples of this occurring can be seen with Period 3 elements

1.4.3-Sulfur-dioxide-SO2-%E2%80%93-dot-and-cross-diagram

Sulfur dioxide,?SO2 – dot and cross diagram

1.3-Chemical-Bonding-Expanding-the-Octet-Rule-PCl5

Phosphorus pentachloride, PCl5?– dot and cross diagram

1.3-Chemical-Bonding-Expanding-the-Octet-Rule-SF6

Sulfur hexafluoride, SF6?– dot and cross diagram

Exam Tip

Covalent bonding takes place between nonmetal atoms.Remember to use the Periodic Table to decide how many electrons are in the outer shell of a nonmetal atom.

 

 

 

 

轉(zhuǎn)載自savemyexams

以上就是關(guān)于【CIE A Level Chemistry復(fù)習(xí)筆記1.3.7 Covalent Bonding】的解答，如需了解學(xué)校/賽事/課程動(dòng)態(tài)，可至翰林教育官網(wǎng)獲取更多信息。

往期文章閱讀推薦：

MIT官方發(fā)布【2026年夏季推薦閱讀書單】！橫跨科學(xué)/人文/經(jīng)濟(jì)...

全網(wǎng)破防！ALevel CIE數(shù)學(xué)M1疑似錯(cuò)題？經(jīng)濟(jì)P2難度飆升？5月6日大考考情分析必看！

? 2026. All Rights Reserved. 滬ICP備2023009024號(hào)-1

國際競(jìng)賽 國際競(jìng)賽
了解背提項(xiàng)目
國際課程 國際課程
國際課程
商務(wù)合作 商務(wù)合作
商務(wù)合作
課程試聽 課程試聽