IB DP Chemistry: SL復(fù)習(xí)筆記8.1.1 Br?nsted–Lowry Acids & Bases

Category: IB課程, 教材筆記, 福利干貨 Date: 2022年8月4日下午3:50

Br?nsted–Lowry Acids & Bases

The Br?nsted-Lowry Theory?defines acids and bases in terms of proton transfer between chemical compounds
A?Br?nsted-Lowry acid?is a species that?gives away?a?proton?(H⁺)
A?Br?nsted-Lowry base?is a species that?accepts?a proton (H⁺) using its?lone pair of electrons

1.7-Equilibria-Bronsted-Lowry-Acid_Base-Definition

The diagram shows a Br?nsted-Lowry acid which donates the proton to the Br?nsted-Lowry base that accepts the proton using its lone pair of electrons

The Br?nsted-Lowry Theory is not limited to aqueous solutions only and can also be applied to reactions that occur in the gas phase

8.1-Equilibria-Bronsted-Lowry-Theory-in-Gaseous-Reactions

Example of a Br?nsted-Lowry acid and base reaction in the gas state

Worked Example

Identify the correct role of the species in the following reaction:

H₂PO₄^?(aq) + H₂O(l) → HPO₄^2?(aq) + H₃O⁺(aq)

8.1-Bronsted-Lowry-Acids-Bases-Worked-Example-Question

Answer:

The correct option is?A.

- H₂PO₄^??is donating a proton to H₂O, so H₂PO₄^??must be an acid and H₂O must be a base

Exam Tip

An atom of hydrogen contains 1?proton, 1 electron and 0 neutrons. When hydrogen loses an electron to become?H⁺?only a?proton?remains, which?is why a H⁺?ion is also called a proton.

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