Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry 復習筆記 1.6.1 Formation of Ions
Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry 復習筆記 1.6.1 Formation of Ions
Formation of Ions
- An ion is an?electrically?charged?atom or group of atoms formed by the?loss?or?gain?of?electrons
- This loss or gain of electrons takes place to obtain a?full?outer?shell?of electrons
- The electronic structure of ions of elements in groups 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 and 7 will be the same as that of a noble gas - such as helium, neon, and argon
- Negative ions are called?anions?and form when atoms?gain?electrons, meaning they have more electrons than protons
- Positive ions are called?cations?and form when atoms?lose?electrons, meaning they have more protons than electrons
- All metals?lose?electrons to other atoms to become positively charged ions
- All non-metals?gain?electrons from other atoms to become negatively charged ions
Diagram showing the formation of the sodium ion
Diagram showing the formation of the chloride ion
Exam Tip
The number of electrons that an atom gains or loses is the same as the charge.
For example, if a magnesium atom loses 2 electrons, then the charge will be 2+, if a bromine atom gains 1 electron then the charge will be 1-.
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