What is volume?

• The volume of a 3D shape is a measure of how much 3D space it takes up
  • A 3D shape is also called a?solid
• You need to be able to calculate the volume of a number of common shapes

How do I find the volume of cuboids, prisms and cylinders?

• A prism is a 3-D shape that has two identical?base?shapes connected by parallel?edges
  • A prism has the same base shape all the way through
  • A?prism?takes its name from its base
• To find the?volume?of any prism use the formula:

Volume of a prism =?Ah

• • Where?A?is the area of the cross section and?h?is the base height
    • h?could also be the length of the prism, depending on how it is oriented
  • This is in the formula booklet in the?prior learning?section at the beginning
  • The base could be any shape so as long as you know its area and length you can calculate the volume of any prism

• Note two special cases:
  • To find the volume of a cuboid use the formula:

• • Note that a cylinder is technically not a prism as its base is not a polygon, however the method for finding its volume is the same
• Both of these are?in the formula booklet?in the?prior learning?section

How do I find the volume of pyramids and cones?

• In a?right-pyramid?the apex (the joining point of the triangular faces) is vertically above the centre of the base
  • The base can be any shape but is usually a square, rectangle or triangle

• These formulae are both given in the formula booklet

How do I find the volume of a sphere?

• To calculate the volume of a?sphere?use the formula

• • Where?r?is the radius
    • the line segment from the centre of the sphere to the surface
  • This formula is given in the formula booklet

What is surface area?

• The surface area of a 3D shape is the sum of the areas of all the?faces?that make up a shape
  • A?face?is one of the flat or curved surfaces that make up a 3D shape
  • It often helps to consider a 3D shape in the form of its 2D net

How do I find the surface area of cuboids, pyramids and prisms?

• Any prisms and pyramids that have polygons as their bases have only flat faces
  • The surface area is simply found by adding up the areas of these flat faces
  • Drawing a 2D net will help to see which faces the 3D shape is made up of

How do I find the surface area of cylinders, cones and spheres?

• Cones, cylinders and spheres all have curved faces so it is not always as easy to see their shape
  • The net of a?cylinder?is made up of two identical circles and a rectangle
  • The rectangle is the curved surface area and is harder to identify
  • The length of the rectangle is the same as the circumference of the circle
  • The area of the?curved surface area?is