AQA A Level Biology復(fù)習(xí)筆記4.1.3 Mitochondria & Chloroplast DNA

Category: A-level課程, 教材筆記, 福利干貨 Date: 2022年6月28日下午5:51

Mitochondria & Chloroplast DNA

Mitochondria

Cell-components_Mitochondria

A single mitochondrion is shown – the inner membrane has protein complexes vital for the later stages of aerobic respiration embedded within it

The site of aerobic respiration within eukaryotic cells, mitochondria are just visible with a light microscope
Surrounded by double-membrane with the inner membrane folded to form?cristae
The matrix formed by the cristae contains enzymes needed for?aerobic respiration,?producing?ATP
Small circular pieces of?DNA?(mitochondrial DNA) and ribosomes are also found in the matrix (needed for replication)

Chloroplast

Cell-components_Chloroplast

Chloroplasts are found in the green parts of a plant – the green colour a result of the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll

Larger than mitochondria, also surrounded by a?double-membrane
Membrane-bound compartments called?thylakoids?containing?chlorophyll?stack to form structures called?grana
Grana are joined together by?lamellae?(thin and flat thylakoid membranes)
Chloroplasts are the site of?photosynthesis:
- The?light-dependent stage?takes place in the thylakoids
- The?light-independent stage?(Calvin Cycle) takes place in the?stroma
Also contain small circular pieces of?DNA?and ribosomes used to synthesise proteins needed in chloroplast replication and photosynthesis

Exam Tip

The mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells contain DNA which is short, circular and not associated with protein, just like the DNA of prokaryotes!

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