謂語動詞的形式之時態,語態和主謂一致

動詞的分類

動詞：表達行為動作或狀態。分行為動詞、聯系動詞、幫助動詞、及物動詞、不及物動詞等。

行為動詞 ? ? ?pull/drop/receive/graduate/lock/(及物動詞、不及物動詞、瞬間動詞和延續動詞)

狀態動詞 have /belong/like/own/want/think/believe/argue/maintain/regard/claim ? ? ?/see/find/spot/possess

聯系動詞 ? ? ?be/feel/taste/smell/look/

幫助動詞 ? ? ?will/can/should/does/did/have

短語動詞 look for ? ? ?/take on/ apply for /work on/dress up

按照功能還可分為謂語動詞和非謂語動詞（包括動名詞、現在分詞、過去分詞和不定時動詞）

謂語動詞

①Leave!

②No>? is free from making mistakes.

③Pandas are well protected in the Natural Reserve.

④The Internet has totally transformed our lifestyle.

⑤By 2020, the high speed train will have been put into use.

?非謂語動詞

①動名詞????? Smoking does? harm to your health.

②現在分詞? Having smoked for 20 years, my Dad is unlikely to quit it .

③過去分詞? Treated with unfairness , the visiting scientists didn’show up in the conference.

④不定時動詞???? To gain benefits, some businessmen cut the trees before they fully grow.

謂語動詞有時間的變化；注意動詞try在下列句子中的時間差異

時態的區別

1. 現在完成時態和過去時態

I have eaten lunch.（對現在有影響，暗指現在不餓）

I ate lunch.(僅代表過去行為，可能是昨天吃的，和現在無關系)

I have lost my cell-phone.(表達手機現在不在了，沒有手機可以用) I think I lost it at the train station.（強調過去行為）

2. 過去時態和過去完成時態

過去完成時態不單獨使用，必須同另外一個行為進行對比。

Tom had completed his homework when he returned home.(過去完成時行為先于一般過去時態行為完成)

但 Tom completed his homework before he returned home. (這里沒有用過完，因為before活著after 本來就表達了動作的先后關系)

3. 現在進行時態和現在完成進行時態

進行時只表達此刻進行，現完進強調一直不停！

The boys are playing soccer now.(此刻在玩)

The boys have been playing soccer for 3 hours.(一直不停，強調現在也許很累的結果)

4.現在完成時態和現在完成進行時態

現完表終止和結果；現完進強調一直不停！

My dad has learned to drive.(表達學會了)

My dad has been learning to drive.(一直不停，依舊在學)

注意：常見的現完時狀（常用現完和現完進）

over/in /during /for the past 10 years.

e.g.: Great changes have taken place in China over the past decades.

During the past 3 hours , the boys have been playing soccer

for 10 years(如果行為并非持續到現在，用過去時態）

Before China, he lived in Australia for about 10 years.

since 10 years ago

Since this morning, I have been having this headache.

He has mastered 5 languages since he entered the college.

recently/ lately / of late/ in recent years.

In recent years, online shopping has been more and more popular with teenagers.

so far / up to now / by now / up till now

3 times / 序數詞

He has been to Toronto 3 times.

It is the third time that he has been to Toronto.(如果，is 改為was , 則定從的現完改為過完。)

already / yet/ ever

5.Be going to 結構和will do將來時態

有跡象表面將會發生的行為，be going to

e.g.: There are clouds in the sky ; it is going to rain soon.

表達準備和打算，有計劃做的行為，用be going to 或者用現在進行時態表達將來的結構

We are going to throw a party for our teacher , Miss Zhao.

或者：We are throwing a party for our teacher , Miss Zhao.

時態的特殊用法

1.現在時態表將來

①The plane takes off at 5 o’clock.

②As soon as he calls back , I will contact you.

進行時態標將來

I am going to Canada and staying there for a week or so.

2.進行時態表抱怨或贊譽

He is always? telling lies.

3.過去時態表過完

The professor changed his finger before he sucked it .

4.過去將來時態表過去習慣

I? recalled my Dad would put me>? shoulders whenever he sent me to school.

時態練習（基礎）

When she? ????????(ring) the office this ? ? ?morning, Jim ????????(leave)

I ??????(type) all your letters. The job ? ? ?is done .(type)

She ?????(drive) the same car for ? ? ?fifteen? years.

He ?????(dine) with a young lady when I met him ? ? ?on the other day .

Water ??????(boil) at 100 ℃ .

I’m tired.? I ???????????????(play )soccer for the ? ? ?whole afternoon.

We ?????(take off )in a few minutes,so fasten ? ? ?your seat-belt.

By the end of this ? ? ?week, I ???????（wait）2 years ? ? ?for her to return.

動詞的語態

注意動詞不使用被動的動詞

狀態動詞無被動

① This house belongs to my uncle.

② The temple dates back to Song Dynasty.

不及物動詞無被動

happen /break out / last /rise /take place

聯系動詞無被動

feel / taste / smell/ keep/become/ remain/turn out /come true/ go bad/seem / sound

個別動詞主動表被動

①The book sells well.

②The house is to let.

③The dog is to blame.

④The door won’t shut.

1. When fat and salt?????(remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.

2. In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just>????(invent) yet.

3. Truly elegant chopsticks might????(make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.

4. Shakespeare’s play Hamlet????(make) into at least ten different films over the past years.

5. If nothing?????(do), the oceans will turn into fish deserts.

6. The school board is made up of parents who??(elect) to make decisions about school affairs.

動詞的主謂一致

1.核心原則：主語如果是短語，找到核心詞

2.就近原則：特殊并列句和完全倒裝句中，找到最近主語

3.匹配原則：主語不清時，通過主謂搭配關系，由動詞確定主語

4.注意集體名詞、不可數名詞、單復數同形、從句、動名詞不定代詞、形容詞做主語等特殊主語。

主謂一致-核心原則?

Fruit as well as vegetables is important to keeping fit.

as well as /in addition to /besides/among others/with/including/along with /together with

None of / some of /the majority of /few of

主謂一致-就近原則?

①三種復合主語 not only…but also; either or ;neither… nor

Not only water but also plants and animals are invaluable resources .

①完全倒裝句和there be 句型

There stands a temple and several old houses>? the top of the mountain.

In front of the temple stands a memorial and some trees.

個別特殊主語的主謂一致情況

①The elderly ?are supposed to be cared for .

②A needle and thread was ?found on the floor.

③The police are searching for the suspect.(people;media/data/deer/sheep /men/women)

④News/politics/physics/

⑤Our community is in charge of 500 households.

⑥Our community ?????????are?? (be)collecting trash on the beach.

⑦The news on the paper reads that an quake occurred in Sichuan .

動詞的主謂一致練習

1.All we need ????(be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.

2. The famous musician, as well as his students,????(invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.

3.??????? Leaving the less important things until tomorrow ????(be) often acceptable.

4.??????? Over 75% of the surface on the earth ?????????（be）covered by water.

5.??????? South of the river ??????（be）small towns, most of which???????????? (depend) on fishing for a living .

來自吐魯番金色前程