謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式之時(shí)態(tài),語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致

動(dòng)詞的分類

動(dòng)詞：表達(dá)行為動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。分行為動(dòng)詞、聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞、幫助動(dòng)詞、及物動(dòng)詞、不及物動(dòng)詞等。

行為動(dòng)詞 ? ? ?pull/drop/receive/graduate/lock/(及物動(dòng)詞、不及物動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)動(dòng)詞)

狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞 have /belong/like/own/want/think/believe/argue/maintain/regard/claim ? ? ?/see/find/spot/possess

聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞 ? ? ?be/feel/taste/smell/look/

幫助動(dòng)詞 ? ? ?will/can/should/does/did/have

短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 look for ? ? ?/take on/ apply for /work on/dress up

按照功能還可分為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（包括動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞和不定時(shí)動(dòng)詞）

謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

①Leave!

②No>? is free from making mistakes.

③Pandas are well protected in the Natural Reserve.

④The Internet has totally transformed our lifestyle.

⑤By 2020, the high speed train will have been put into use.

?非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

①動(dòng)名詞????? Smoking does? harm to your health.

②現(xiàn)在分詞? Having smoked for 20 years, my Dad is unlikely to quit it .

③過(guò)去分詞? Treated with unfairness , the visiting scientists didn’show up in the conference.

④不定時(shí)動(dòng)詞???? To gain benefits, some businessmen cut the trees before they fully grow.

謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有時(shí)間的變化；注意動(dòng)詞try在下列句子中的時(shí)間差異

時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別

1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)和過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)

I have eaten lunch.（對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響，暗指現(xiàn)在不餓）

I ate lunch.(僅代表過(guò)去行為，可能是昨天吃的，和現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)系)

I have lost my cell-phone.(表達(dá)手機(jī)現(xiàn)在不在了，沒(méi)有手機(jī)可以用) I think I lost it at the train station.（強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去行為）

2. 過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)

過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)不單獨(dú)使用，必須同另外一個(gè)行為進(jìn)行對(duì)比。

Tom had completed his homework when he returned home.(過(guò)去完成時(shí)行為先于一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)行為完成)

但 Tom completed his homework before he returned home. (這里沒(méi)有用過(guò)完，因?yàn)閎efore活著after 本來(lái)就表達(dá)了動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系)

3. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)

進(jìn)行時(shí)只表達(dá)此刻進(jìn)行，現(xiàn)完進(jìn)強(qiáng)調(diào)一直不停！

The boys are playing soccer now.(此刻在玩)

The boys have been playing soccer for 3 hours.(一直不停，強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在也許很累的結(jié)果)

4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)

現(xiàn)完表終止和結(jié)果；現(xiàn)完進(jìn)強(qiáng)調(diào)一直不停！

My dad has learned to drive.(表達(dá)學(xué)會(huì)了)

My dad has been learning to drive.(一直不停，依舊在學(xué))

注意：常見(jiàn)的現(xiàn)完時(shí)狀（常用現(xiàn)完和現(xiàn)完進(jìn)）

over/in /during /for the past 10 years.

e.g.: Great changes have taken place in China over the past decades.

During the past 3 hours , the boys have been playing soccer

for 10 years(如果行為并非持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)）

Before China, he lived in Australia for about 10 years.

since 10 years ago

Since this morning, I have been having this headache.

He has mastered 5 languages since he entered the college.

recently/ lately / of late/ in recent years.

In recent years, online shopping has been more and more popular with teenagers.

so far / up to now / by now / up till now

3 times / 序數(shù)詞

He has been to Toronto 3 times.

It is the third time that he has been to Toronto.(如果，is 改為was , 則定從的現(xiàn)完改為過(guò)完。)

already / yet/ ever

5.Be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)和will do將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)

有跡象表面將會(huì)發(fā)生的行為，be going to

e.g.: There are clouds in the sky ; it is going to rain soon.

表達(dá)準(zhǔn)備和打算，有計(jì)劃做的行為，用be going to 或者用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表達(dá)將來(lái)的結(jié)構(gòu)

We are going to throw a party for our teacher , Miss Zhao.

或者：We are throwing a party for our teacher , Miss Zhao.

時(shí)態(tài)的特殊用法

1.現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表將來(lái)

①The plane takes off at 5 o’clock.

②As soon as he calls back , I will contact you.

進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)標(biāo)將來(lái)

I am going to Canada and staying there for a week or so.

2.進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表抱怨或贊譽(yù)

He is always? telling lies.

3.過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)表過(guò)完

The professor changed his finger before he sucked it .

4.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)表過(guò)去習(xí)慣

I? recalled my Dad would put me>? shoulders whenever he sent me to school.

時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)（基礎(chǔ)）

When she? ????????(ring) the office this ? ? ?morning, Jim ????????(leave)

I ??????(type) all your letters. The job ? ? ?is done .(type)

She ?????(drive) the same car for ? ? ?fifteen? years.

He ?????(dine) with a young lady when I met him ? ? ?on the other day .

Water ??????(boil) at 100 ℃ .

I’m tired.? I ???????????????(play )soccer for the ? ? ?whole afternoon.

We ?????(take off )in a few minutes,so fasten ? ? ?your seat-belt.

By the end of this ? ? ?week, I ???????（wait）2 years ? ? ?for her to return.

動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)

注意動(dòng)詞不使用被動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞

狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)

① This house belongs to my uncle.

② The temple dates back to Song Dynasty.

不及物動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)

happen /break out / last /rise /take place

聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)

feel / taste / smell/ keep/become/ remain/turn out /come true/ go bad/seem / sound

個(gè)別動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)

①The book sells well.

②The house is to let.

③The dog is to blame.

④The door won’t shut.

1. When fat and salt?????(remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.

2. In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just>????(invent) yet.

3. Truly elegant chopsticks might????(make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.

4. Shakespeare’s play Hamlet????(make) into at least ten different films over the past years.

5. If nothing?????(do), the oceans will turn into fish deserts.

6. The school board is made up of parents who??(elect) to make decisions about school affairs.

動(dòng)詞的主謂一致

1.核心原則：主語(yǔ)如果是短語(yǔ)，找到核心詞

2.就近原則：特殊并列句和完全倒裝句中，找到最近主語(yǔ)

3.匹配原則：主語(yǔ)不清時(shí)，通過(guò)主謂搭配關(guān)系，由動(dòng)詞確定主語(yǔ)

4.注意集體名詞、不可數(shù)名詞、單復(fù)數(shù)同形、從句、動(dòng)名詞不定代詞、形容詞做主語(yǔ)等特殊主語(yǔ)。

主謂一致-核心原則?

Fruit as well as vegetables is important to keeping fit.

as well as /in addition to /besides/among others/with/including/along with /together with

None of / some of /the majority of /few of

主謂一致-就近原則?

①三種復(fù)合主語(yǔ) not only…but also; either or ;neither… nor

Not only water but also plants and animals are invaluable resources .

①完全倒裝句和there be 句型

There stands a temple and several old houses>? the top of the mountain.

In front of the temple stands a memorial and some trees.

個(gè)別特殊主語(yǔ)的主謂一致情況

①The elderly ?are supposed to be cared for .

②A needle and thread was ?found on the floor.

③The police are searching for the suspect.(people;media/data/deer/sheep /men/women)

④News/politics/physics/

⑤Our community is in charge of 500 households.

⑥Our community ?????????are?? (be)collecting trash on the beach.

⑦The news on the paper reads that an quake occurred in Sichuan .

動(dòng)詞的主謂一致練習(xí)

1.All we need ????(be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.

2. The famous musician, as well as his students,????(invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.

3.??????? Leaving the less important things until tomorrow ????(be) often acceptable.

4.??????? Over 75% of the surface on the earth ?????????（be）covered by water.

5.??????? South of the river ??????（be）small towns, most of which???????????? (depend) on fishing for a living .

來(lái)自吐魯番金色前程

以上就是關(guān)于【謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式之時(shí)態(tài),語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致】的解答，如需了解學(xué)校/賽事/課程動(dòng)態(tài)，可至翰林教育官網(wǎng)獲取更多信息。

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