從哈佛2019屆畢業數據，看美國頂尖本科生的人生規劃

哈佛2019屆畢業數據

根據哈佛校報The Crimson報道，哈佛大學第368屆畢業典禮于5月30日星期四舉行，主題是，移民創造了夢想，會讓世界更美麗

自此哈佛大學2019屆本科生正式畢業，而這些學生的大部分即將步入社會！按照慣例，哈佛校報向所有2019屆本科畢業生征集畢業計劃，以下數據來自參與校報調查的受訪者：

當談到畢業規劃時，哈佛大學2019屆學生與往屆相當類似：大多數參與校報調查的畢業生將定居東西兩岸，在傳統諸如咨詢、金融和技術等高薪行業開啟職業生涯。哈佛畢業生第一年人均起薪遠高于全美大學畢業生的平均水準。

When it comes to post-graduate plans, Harvard’s Class of 2019 is pretty similar to its forebears — most surveyed seniors will move to the coasts, work in traditionally high-paying industries like finance or consulting, and draw salaries significantly larger than those seen by the average American college student in the first year after graduation.

在這些畢業生中，64%將直接工作；16%進入研究生院或職業學院（醫學院、法學院或商學院）深造；8%將通過獎學金計劃繼續學業；只有10%尚未確定下一年計劃，但有2%打算到各地旅行尋求詩與遠方。

A clear majority of respondents — 64 percent — plan to enter the workforce, while 16 percent will attend graduate or professional school. Roughly 8 percent will stick to the books by pursuing fellowship programs, roughly 10 percent are undecided, and just 2 percent expect to spend the first year out of college traveling.

位置為王

本屆畢業生畢業去向與往屆幾乎一致，數量可觀的哈佛學生（23%）將在畢業后前往紐約；而麻州和加州緊隨其后，為第二及第三大目的州，分別接納21%和14%的哈佛2019屆畢業生。10%的學生尚未決定去向。11%的畢業生計劃赴海外發展，其中超過半數選擇歐洲。

A majority of surveyed members of the Class of 2019 will be staying on one of the two American coasts after graduation. As in previous years, a plurality of respondents — 23 percent — indicated they plan to move to New York within the next year. The second and third-most popular states among graduating seniors are Massachusetts and California, which will host 21 penrcent and 14 percent of the Class of 2019, respectively. Eleven percent of students plan to live outside of the United States after graduation. Of those, more than half will relocate to Europe. Ten percent of students said they are still undecided about where to live after graduation.

就業藍圖

2019屆直接就業的學生選擇行業集中在三大領域：18%在咨詢行業就職、17%在金融業工作、而14%將從事科技行業，本屆學生就業去向與往年非常相似。

As has been true for the past several years, three industries dominate Harvard seniors’ post-graduate plans. Of respondents who plan to enter the workforce, a plurality — 18 percent — indicated they are going into consulting. Finance and technology clocked in at a close second and third in terms of popularity, drawing 16 and 14 percent of graduating seniors, respectively.

7%的畢業生選擇從事健康產業，5%的學生將成為政府部門公務人員或從事政治相關工作，6%將進入非營利或公共服務機構、而6%將成為教育工作者。6%的學生計劃進入學術界或從事研究工作，而分別有3%和2%的學生選擇藝術和法律行業。

Of surveyed seniors who will enter the workforce, 6 percent indicated they plan to work in the health industry. Five percent will go into government or politics, 7 percent into public service or nonprofit work, and 6 percent into academia or research.

16%的受訪者稱2016年大選結果（當時他們還是大二學生）對其畢業計劃造成影響。這其中35%決定放棄尋求聯邦政府機關就職機會、而15%則由此下定決心服務公共部門而非私營企業；6%稱希望從政并競選公職。

Sixteen percent of respondents indicated the the 2016 election — which took place when members of the Class of 2019 were sophomores — changed their postgraduate plans. Of those, 35 percent said they decided not to pursue a job in the federal government after the events of November 2016, while 15 percent said they chose to take a job in the public sector rather than in the private sector. Six percent now hope to run for political office.

相比之下，分別有80%、62%和64%從事健康服務、學術研究以及事教育工作的畢業生為女生。咨詢、金融和技術三大行業的性別差異依然存在，不過相比往年程度略有縮減。在2019屆畢業生中，分別有57%、58%和54%在咨詢、金融和技術行業就職者為男生。

Gender gaps in consulting, finance, and technology still exist for the Class of 2019 — but shrank slightly as compared to previous years. Fifty-seven percent of those who indicated they will pursue post-graduate jobs in consulting are male, compared to 58 percent of those who will work in finance and 54 percent of those taking technology jobs.

展望未來十年，數量可觀的受訪者（17%）表示希望從事健康產業。學術和研究領域則緊隨其后，成為名列第二的熱門領域，11%的受訪者熱切期望于未來十年內在學術界發展。僅有2%和5%受訪者認為自己在十年后繼續從事咨詢和金融行業。

By contrast, 80 percent of those planning to pursue work in the health industry are female; as are 62 percent of those who will work in academia and research; and 64 percent of those who will work in education. Fifty-six percent of surveyed members of all-male final clubs or fraternities will enter finance or consulting, compared to 26 percent of respondents not involved in social organizations. Fifty-three percent of respondents who indicated involvement in a sorority or female final club will work in either finance or consulting.

2019屆畢業生職業分布

 

關于年薪

平均而言，2019屆選擇就業的畢業生的收入遠遠高于美國高校2018年畢業生大學生所掙的48,000美元。

Once again, the freshest batch of Harvard seniors will make — on average — much more than the average recent graduate in the United States. While the typical American college student can expect to draw roughly $48,000 a year, a slight majority of the Class of 2019 indicated they expect to earn a salary above $70,000 in their first year out of college. Gender discrepancies also persisted; as in previous years, male respondents were more likely to report higher salaries than were female respondents.

全體畢業生起始薪金

 

53%受訪者表示第一年收入達到或超過70,000美元，其中包括12%受訪者首年收入不少于110,000美元。9%的受訪者認為他們第一年年薪將低于30,000美元，包括3%將任職無收入的公益崗位。

Fifty-three percent of surveyed Harvard seniors said they will earn salaries of $70,000 or more in their first year out of school, including 12 percent who indicated they will draw more than $110,000. Nine percent of surveyed students said they will earn less than $30,000, while 3 percent indicated they expect to take unpaid jobs.

男生起始薪金

 

性別差異依然存在，與往年一樣，男生薪水高于女性。17%男生首年收入不少于110,000美元，而僅有8%的女生同樣如此；64％ 的男生工資超過 7 萬美元，女生為 44％。

Sixty-four percent of male respondents indicated they expect to earn more than $70,000 each year, while 44 percent of female survey takers indicated the same. Seventeen percent of male respondents said they will earn more than $110,000, compared to just 8 percent of female respondents.

女生起始薪金

 

大部分受訪者（58%）期望在工作第一年就收獲獎金（bonus），其中22%的受訪者希望收到的獎金超過20,000美元。

As was the case last year, a majority of respondents — 58 percent — said they expect to earn a bonus in their first year of work. Roughly 22 percent believe the bonus will total more than $20,000.

就職于金融業和咨詢業的受訪者中，分別有68%和23%期望獎金額超過20,000美元，而93%就職于學術界、公共服務、教育和非營利性領域的受訪者壓根沒有指望有外快進賬。

Sixty-eight percent of students working in finance expect to earn a bonus totaling more than $20,000 in their first year on the job, as do 23 percent of seniors who will take consulting jobs. No students who plan to work in academia expect to draw bonuses; nor do the vast majority — 93 percent — of respondents who intend to work in public service or nonprofit jobs.

家庭背景

約62%的受訪者承認畢業后仍將從父母處獲得財務支持，這包括17%預計在房租或其他生活費用方面得到“相當”程度的幫助。

Sixty-two percent of graduating seniors said they expect to receive some kind of financial assistance from their parents in the first year after graduation, with 17 percent indicating they expect that that support will be “substantial” — most likely coming in the form of rent or living expenses.

18%的受訪者表示他們畢業后需要償還學費貸款。在這些學生中，31%認為貸款對畢業之后的人生規劃造成影響。

Eighteen percent of respondents indicated they will graduate from Harvard with student loans. Of those who will leave the school with student loans, 31 percent said the loans affected their post-graduate plans.

約20%的受訪者相信其家庭社會經濟地位“極大”影響了他們的畢業規劃；另外52%認為畢業規劃“一定程度上”與家庭社會經濟地位有關；剩余28%則認為其家庭經濟狀況與畢業選擇毫無關系。

Twenty percent of surveyed seniors said their family’s socioeconomic status “greatly” informed their post-graduate plans, while 28 percent indicated their family’s socioeconomic status did not inform their post-college decision-making. The majority of respondents — 52 percent — indicated their family’s socioeconomic situation “somewhat” informed their post-Harvard plans.