如何記憶醫(yī)學(xué)英語單詞

詞根詞綴記憶法

雖說醫(yī)學(xué)英語詞匯多是由拉丁文演變而來，每個(gè)單詞極其長(zhǎng)。但是，醫(yī)學(xué)英語詞匯的幾乎所有都是由詞根詞綴組合而成，且詞根詞綴均是按系統(tǒng)和身體部分劃分。也就是說，找到詞根詞綴的規(guī)律，通過分系統(tǒng)記憶詞根詞綴，不僅能有效快速，還能同時(shí)記憶更多醫(yī)學(xué)詞匯，效率高且遺忘率低。

1．人體主要器官前綴

心heart cardiao- cardial cardium/carditis/cardiology

腦brain encepholo- cerebral cerebrum/encephalitis/encephalology

肺lung pulmo- pulmonary pulmontiis/pulmonectomy/pulmonology

肝liver hepato- hepatic hepatitis/hepatobiliary/hepatology

胃stomach gastro- gastric gastritis/gastrointestinal/gastrology

膽gallbladder chole- biliary holecystitis/cholinergic/cholecystectomy

腸intestine entero- intestinal enteritis/enterectomy/enterology

脾spleen splen- splenic splenitis/splenectomy/splenology

胰pancreas pancreato- pancreatic pancreatitis/pancreatectomy

腎kidney nephro- renal/nephric nephritis/nephropathy/nephrology

2．與人體系統(tǒng)、器官有關(guān)的前（后）綴

血blood hemo-/hemato hematology/hemoglobin/hematoma

血管vessel vaso- vasopressor/cardiovasology/verebrovascular

靜脈vein veno- venography/intravenous/venoconstriction

動(dòng)脈artery arterio- arteriology/arteriole/arteriosclerosis

肌muscle myo- mycology/myositis/myocarditis

髓marrow myel-/myelo- myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma

神經(jīng)nerve neur-/neyro- neurology/neuritis/neuron

細(xì)胞cell cyto-/-cyte cytology/cytoma/leukocyte

尿urine uro-/ur- urology/urosurgery/urogenital

體body somato-/some somatology/somatopsychic/chromosome

3．與數(shù)字有關(guān)的前綴

一（單）mono-/uni- monomer/monoclone/carbon monoxide/unidirectional

二bi-/di- bilateral/biphasiccarbon dioxide/dipeptide

三tri- trilateral/triphasic/trigeminal nerve

四tetra- tetramer/tetracycline/tetraplegia

五penta- pentagon/pentachromic/pentachloride

六hexa- hexachromic/benzene hexachloride(666)/hexacycliccompiund

七h(yuǎn)epta- heptachromic/heptaploid/heptavalent

八octa- octahedral/octal system

九nona- nonapeptide/nonagon

十deca- decade/decagram/decaliter

注：十位數(shù)的表示一般為：個(gè)位數(shù)前綴+deca，如：hexadecanol（十六烷醇），tetradecapeptide

gastrin（十四肽胃泌素），octadecanoic acid（十八烷酸）

4．顏色及與顏色有關(guān)的前綴

色color chrom-/chromo- chromosome/chromatin/chromatometer

紅red erythro- erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/erythrometer

白white leuko- leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira

黑black melano- melena/melanoma/melanoderma

黃yellow xantho- xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma

藍(lán)blue cyan-/cyano cyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia

紫violet/purple

綠green

棕brown brown mixture/brown ring

橙orange Victoria orange/ethyl orange/orange G

粉紅pink oink frothy sputum

緋紅crimson

青銅bronzed bronzed diabetes

注：有些病名的“藍(lán)”“紫”“青”為同義，其前綴都為“cyano-”.

5．與疾病和疾患有關(guān)的前（后）綴

病patho- pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis

/-pathy -pathic neuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy

病態(tài)-osis -otic neurosis/tuberculosis/schistosomiasis

增多l(xiāng)eukocytosis/erythrocytopenia/granulocytosis

減少-penia -penic leukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/granulocytopenia

無a-/an- atypical/anuria/agranulocytopenia

小/微-let droplet/platelet/leaflet

micro- microscopy/microorganism/micronucleus

大/巨macro- macroscopic/macronucleus/macrophage

-megaly splenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatomegaly

復(fù)合/多poly- polyuria/polymer/polyopia

全/泛pan- pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemic

相反dis- disease/disorder/disability

困難/障礙dys- dysfunction/dyspepsia/dyspnea

不良mal- malfunction/malnutrition/malpractice

炎癥-it is appendicitis/bronchitis/arthritis

瘤/塊-oma lymphoma/adenoma/hematoma

血癥-emia leukemia/septisemia/bacteremia

痛-algia/-algesia/alge-/algo- analgesia/hypoalgesia/algometer

麻痹-plegia hemipleia/pamplegia/myoplegia

流出-rrhea diarrhea/hypermenorrhea/rhinorrhea

壞死-necrosis necro-/necr- hepatonecrosis/myonecrosis/necrospermia

結(jié)石litho-/-lith lithiasis/lithogenesis/cholelithes

6．與方位有關(guān)的前綴

上upper/superior pi-/supra- epidemic/epithelium/supracostal

下lower/inferior nfra-/sub- infracostal/subclavicular/subcutaneous

前front/anterior/prior fore-/ante- forehead/anteroposterior/precirrhosis

/pre-

后back/posterior post-/retro- posthepatic/postprandial/retrocardiac

內(nèi)inner/internal in-/endo-/ento- inhalation/endoscopy/entocranial

外outer/external ex-/exo- extract/excretion/exocardial

間between inter- intermuscular/intercostal/intercourse

旁/副on the side of para- parathyroid/paraprotein/pararenal

周around peri- perioperative/pericarditis/peritoneum

中心central centri-/centra- centrifugation/centralize/centronucleus

/centro-

反/對(duì)opposite counter-/contra- counterpart/countershock/contraindication

注：in vivo/in’vaivou/活體內(nèi);in vitro/in vaitrou/活體外或試管內(nèi)；in situ/in’saitju:/原位

7．與外科手術(shù)有關(guān)的前（后）綴

切除-ectomy appendectomy/gastrectomy/splenectomy

切開-tomy tracheotomy/hysterotomy/craniotomy

切（割）-tome tracheotome/thoracotome

吻合-stomy duodenoenterostomy/gastroesophagostomy

成形術(shù)-plasty tracheoplasty/osteoplasty/myoplasty

整（矯）形ortho- orthopedics/orthopod/orthotherapy

造影-graphy angiography/nephrography/phlebography

經(jīng)…trans- transdominal/translateral/transurethral

注：ortho-也是“正”“原”的前綴，如：ortho-acid（正酸）

-graphy為方法，如：electrocardigraphy

心電圖檢查術(shù)；graph為儀器，如：electrocardigraph心電圖機(jī)；gram為圖象，文字，如：electrocardiogram心電圖記錄。

8．與化學(xué)品有關(guān)的前（后）綴

酸鹽ate sulfate/nitrate/acetate

醇-ol alcohol/propanol/taxol

醛-al retinal/methylal/propanal

酮-one acetone/progesterone/ketone

糖glyco- glycogenolysis

saccharo- saccharomyces

-saccharide polysaccharide

酶-ase reductase/transminase/kinase

素-in penicillin/heparin/nuclein

原-gen allogen/antigen/glycogen

苯基/酚phen-/pheno- phenol/phenate/phenetidin

氨基amino- aminobenzene/aminopherase/aminopyrine

9．與“作用”有關(guān)的前（后）綴

殺-cide/-cidal insecticide/pesticide/bactericidal

抑-stasis/-static bacteriostasis/virostatic/tuberculostatic

驅(qū)逐-fuge febrifuge/centrifuge

抗-anti antibiotic/antimycotic/antimutagen

去/脫/除de- dehydroprednisone/detergent/desensitization

回/再/復(fù)re- reabsorb/reactivation/recombinant

冷凍cryo- cryobiology/cryopreservation/cryoprotectant

否/去/分離dis- disinfection/dissociate/dissection

向后/退行retro- retrograde/retrosternal/retrocardiac